Computer Basics: Chapter 1

Computer Overview (Chapter 1)

• Capacity depends on the software and its use
• Keyboard, mouse, monitor, and system unit encompass the basic parts
• Instructions determine data processing
• Computer speed can be measured using Hertz
• CPU instruction speeds are measured by clock rate
• Sending and receiving devices serve as the basis of a communication system

Columns

• Data correlates with "Raw Fact"
• GIGO correlates with "Accuracy"
• Computer Games correlate with "Entertainment"
• CAI correlates with "Teaching aid"

Computer Statements: True or False

• A computer is an electronic machine that processes data making it information (True)
• Giving the result to be an input for the computer is false
• Optical technology is false in the use of hard disk drives
• External hard disks are true for where more computer games are available

Full Forms

• Central Processing Unit is CPU
• GHz means Giga Hertz
• GIGO means Garbage In Garbage Out
• E-mail refers to Electronic Mail
• CD means Compact Disk
• DVD = Digital Versatile Disk
• CAI = Computer Aided Instruction
• CBT refers to Compute Based Training
• ICU = Intensive Care Unit
• ECG = Electro Cardio Graph
• GUI = Graphical User Interface

Technical Terms

• Diligent refers to repeated working capacity
• Versatile is used to describe the features of a computer to be used in every field
• GIGO stands for incorrect data input
• Raw facts or symbols means data collected from various sources

Correct Answers

• The computer works on the basis of input
• Education, entertainment, and banking are based on computers
• The accurate processing computer is GIGO
• Processed data = Output

Short Answer Questions

• Raw facts are collected from various sources means data
• Hertz, a unit for clock speed
• ICU [Intensive Care Unit] is a computer used in medical fields
• CPU unit is used to process the data
• Computers are an electronic device
• When input is incorrect the output will also be incorrect which defines GIGO
• Versatile machines are used in the medical field, film industry, research, etc
• Continuous work defines a diligent machine

Defining a computer

• A computer takes raw data
• Processes data based on commands
• Stores data
• Returns results

How computers are used

• Computers are used to teach students presentation and effectively teach students

Working systems of computer

• The input takes data and instruction as an input through keyboards, mouse, etc.
• Process data is input along a given set of instruction and stores it before sending it to output
• After processing the input data the meaningful information is printer, monitor, plotter, etc.

Characteristics of a Compuer

• Accuracy
• Diligent
• Communication
• Versatile

Computer application fields

• Education
• Home
• Medical
• Film industry
• Research Mobile banking

Why call computer information processing

• Collects data
• Processes data
• Instructions and producers results

Online payment gateway

• Service users allow direct financial transition by using credit card over internet
• Khalti, E-sewa, IMEpay are examples of online payment gateways

History and Generation of Computer (Chapter 2)

• Abacus comes from China and Egypt around 3000 BC
• 1614 AD sees John Napier with Napier's Bone
• William Oughtred had the Slide Rule in 1620 AD
• Pascaline came from Blaise Pascal, in 1642 AD
• Joseph Marie Jacquard created Jacquard's Loom in 1801 AD
• Charles Babbage developed the Difference Engine in 1822 AD
• Charles Babbage created the Analytical Engine in 1833 AD
• 1887 AD came with Dr. Herman Hollerith creating the Tabulating Machine
• Howard Aiken developing Mark-I in 1937 AD

Filling the Blanks

• About 3000 BC, Abacus was developed by the Chinese and Egyptians

History and Generation of Computer

• Blaise Pascal, a mathematician invented the first calculating device called Pascaline
• Gottfried Wilhelm invented the digital mechanical calculator called Stepped Reckoner
• Marie Jacquard created an automatic weaving machine called Jacquard's Loom
• Charles Babbage is known as the father of computer science
• Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace developed first computer program for an analytical engine
• Dr. Herman Hollerith developed Tabulating Machine in 1887
• Government of Nepal brought in IBM 1401 to process data in 2028 B.S.

Generations of computer

• The first generation duration was 1945-1955 based on the main component of a vacuum tube
• 1956-1964 the second generation came and were based on transistors
• The third generation was from 1965-1975 with the components of integrated circuits
• Fourth generation lasted from 1976 to present with a component of a microprocessor
• Fifth generation has remained present and beyond with the component Bio Chips

Matching Computer Devices

• 3000 BC had the first use of the Abacus
• 1614 for the use of the Napiers bone
• 1620 for the use of the slide rule
• 1642 for the use of pascaline
• 1801 for the use of Jacquards loom

Matching computer devices with date

• 1822 for the use of the difference engine
• 1833 for the use of the analytical engine
• 1887 for the use of the tabulating machine
• 1937 for the use of mark-I
• 1942 for the use of ABC

Acronyms

• ASCC = Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
• CDC = Curriculum Development Center
• HLCIT = High Level Commission for Information Technology
• IT = Information Technology
• IBM = International Business Machine
• GUI = Graphical User Interface
• AI = Artificial Intelligence
• IC = Integrated Circuit
• EDSAC = Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
• NCC = National Computer Centre
• ABC = Antanasoff Berry Computer

Technical terms

• Abacus was developed by Chinese Peoples
• IBM 1401 was used in Nepal
• Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace was the first programmer
• Mark-1 is another name for Automatic Sequence

Technical Computer terms

• Vacuum Tube is the Main technology used in computers first generation
• Charles Babbage is the father of computer system
• Microprocessors were in the Fourth Generation Computer
• Howard Aiken was a part of the Harvard Universe
• Dr Herman Hollerith was an American census known for is tabulating machine
• The calculation for any number was made from Napiers Bone
• 5th Generation can take on its own decisions
• GUI used fourth generation computer
• IBM 1401 is a mainframe computer not a minicomputer
• Augusta Ada Lovelace is the first computer designer
• Write the major component used in each generation of the computer use to be asked

Computers in Previous Generations

• In first generation Vacuum Tubes were used
• In second generation Transistors were used
• In third generation Integrated Circuits were
• In fourth generation Microprocessors
• Bio Chips were used for fifth

Short Answers

• Abacus performed calculation for Chinese and Egyptians
• Charles Babbage science gave the concept of the computer analytic engine
• Compute in nepal for calculating the census data of 2028 BS was IBM 1401
• Development in five phases = Generation of Computer
• Second gerneration of compute features Transistors, 1955 - 1965, and speed

More Short Answers

• Artificial Intelligence: machine is endowing some characteristics of intelligence
• Differences between third and fourth generations are generation speed and size

Types of Computers (Chapter 3)

• Analog Computers are dedicated to single tasks
• Mainframe Computers are IBM/S/3909
• Mini Computers are used as servers in computer networks
• Laptops are used during transit
• Desktop computers are designed for desktop usage

Types of Computers: True or False

• General Purpose computer can not perform single tasks (False)
• Analog computers perform continuously (True)
• Digital computers are discrete (True)
• (True) Super computers are the most powerful around the world
• Micro computers aren't servers on the world wide web (False)

Super computers

• Super computers are often used for weather forecasting
• Mainframe computers can support 50,000 users simultaneously
• Handheld computers are used by mobile employers and have meter readers
• Microcomputer designed by IBM

Acronymns for this section

• Personal Computer is PC
• Personal Digital Assistance is PDA
• DEC is Digital Equipment Corporation
• IBM stands for International Business Machine
• CDC = Control Data Cyber

Technical terms

• Special Purpose Computer for performing only one task
• Central Processing Unit stands for Micro Computer
• Measuring continuous data is from Analog Computers
• Large and expensive computer is Super Computer

The computer which uses the analog and digital device is Hybrid Computer

More short answers

• Special purpose: for a single dedicated task
• Hybrid Computer: analog and digital
• Digital Equipment Corporation [DEC]: introduced first minicomputer in 1960
• Laptop: not a mainframe computer or a micro computer
• Laptop: does not need electricity
• Supercomputer: used for parallel processing

Defining a microcomputer

• A computer which uses microprocessors is called a Microcomputer

Example or Mainframe and minicomputer

• Mainframe: IBM
• PDP-11 stands for mini

Computer

• General Purpose and Special Purpose Computer

Comparing the types of computers

• General does multiple tasks while the special is dedicated
• User can load a program while the other is loaded during manufacturing
• The program is cheaper than the previous

Why called special purpose computer

• Analog computers are special because it can't be dedicated to performing a single task

More popular these days given what

• Digital is more accurate but analog is special

How used in hospital?

• By discrete and continue data

What are microcomputers?

• Types of computer are desktop, laptop, and handheld

Other computer characteristics

Distinctions:

• Laptops are portable but the desk top version isn't
• Smaller version is a portable computer (Laptop), but also more expensive than standard computers • PDA and smartphones are handheld • Minicomputer: use as server • Mainframe computer: more powerful mini computer and less powerful than supercomputer

Computer applications

• Forecast weather is an application of super computers
• Using nuclear energy
• Online backing and aircraft research are computer applications

Classifcation of Digital Computer

• Not available

Chapter 4 [Computer Software and Hardware]

• Choose is the correct answers from the given options: Touch pad

Not a touch pad

• Not an input device: Plotter
• Output: ROM
• Processing device: CPU
• Temporary: Registers
• Large storing: Hard disk
• Software: Windows
• Application is paint

Fill in the blank

• Memory, Output, output and device are the parts of a computer
• Main processing unit: CPU
• Storage devices: store program instructions
• Set of programs: system software
• Solve problems for users: app software
• QR codes created by Denso Wave

Computer full forms:

• Arithmetic Logic Unit.
• compact Disk.
• Digital Versatile Disk
• Read Only Memory.
• Random Access Memory.
• Universal Serial Bus.
• Cathode Ray Tube.
• Liquid Crystal Display.
• Light Emitting Diode
• Hard disk Drive.
• Central processing Unit.
• Video display Unit.
• Giga byte
• Tera Byte
• Disk Operating System.
• Solid state Drive.
• Quick Response scanner

Computer terms:

• Output a device that displays processed data
• Register a device that store data and program for current purpose
• RAM is the type of memory that loses content
• Software is the collection for a program
• System software the software that controls a operation

True or false on computer

• Secondary storage is true

Software statements

• Pay roll is true
• CRT monitor displays false because CD-ROM is an optical device
• Antivirus is false because its operating software
• Microphone is false because it is an output device

What is a computer's hardware?

• Hardware is physical parts touched
• A mouse is known as the pointing input device
• Windows is an example of systems software

Type of storage

• Magnetic or optical is better than optical device
• Compliler software
• Application software include: tailored and packaged software
• Inkjet and laser are two examples of printers

Computer, Peripheral

• "Yes" because it is a scanner (peripheral device)
• "Firmware" is saved to the computer on ROM.

Common Hardwares:

• Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, CPU

Types of hardware are:

• Input, output, and memory and storage

Important Facts

• Mouses and microphones send into a computer and called input
• Devices who get results after the processing input is printer/monitor(output)

More Information:

• Raw facts processing comes to produce meaningful information
• Memory saves data temp or permanent

Write short notes:

• Random v. Read

Chapter 6

Command tabs: several demands

• Ctrl+N: Create a new document
• Ms-word: Newline start
• New line starts at the end(ms word)
• Letter typing(shift)
• Del/contrl
• Pasting is from pressed keys(Ctrt+V)

What Ms-word can use

• Ms-word can have editing affect
• Home, Insert, layout are ribbon bars

What is the icon of full Justification

• A line appeared called a paragraph

Short answers:

• Because easier to create document
• Advantages can edit text
• Created by Microsoft corporation
• Includes, title bar, work area.
• 4 facts: easy, easy data, added animation, quick

Short answer

• Can edit data in real world
• We can help adjust in place

What 2 software

• Ms and Microsoft

What Microsoft has?

• Help w/ setting,

Is used:

For formatting font settings

Chapter 7: MICROSOFT Excel:

• Row: horizontal division
• Column: veritical division
• Cell: intersection
• Formula: signed

What equal sign does

• The spread sheet prepares electronic sheets
• Software accepts data
• Data begins w sign

Fill

• Insert insert
• Autofill: fills serises auto

TRUE or FALSE

• excel is accepted
• data enters and edits
• Rows are veritical

Is it short:

No:

• visicale is sheet software
• Bottom excel is cornered equal sign begins what

What CTRL does:

• Closes sheet
• CTRL+A

What different operation

Function name:

• used date to select

###What can’t select Can’t select because all is not an example

How computer selects:

• Is one top right

Purpose

• Is set to film

To auto series:

• Auto settings is fill

Formulas

• Must begin with equal sign
• All text with formulas.

Chart?

Represented by data

Charts for:

The better For data

Excel bar

• address is formula
• various task is task

Chapter 8, powerpoint

Most is MS powerpoint is slide

Multimedia: softwsre Slides is a document

Fillin blansk:

• PPT is one Form in multi media
• QUICK ACCES is COMMANDE

Write slide in

Edit final results

Escape

Why is ms PowerPoint

• because of the presentation
• Flash is two presentations

How does ms Microsoft?

• Title bars are the presentation

How show the slides

Pints available:

Normal slide

A.S POWERPONE??

• Is to to b ring animations
• Crtkl the presentation

Add animations

• click on a tab to at it

Chapter 10: icT, Cyber, ethics

Ict: techno to manage info Camera website

State true or false:

Ict: is false and computer

• Ict is _icT’s is false Comp: ethical

Select answer:

. all Moral: computer Antivirus: Cyber : Hacking

Chapter 10:

The process in computer and cellular devices

Fillin blanks: ict and bank

###: Ict tools Ecommerce: buys and sells

Illegal illegal

• Computer ethics responsible

:Write terms and:

• Computer ethics: communication
• Ecommerce
• webcam
• ethics

Very short: for the following questions.:

The answer to the bank

• ATM Example for it and common tools in ict:Web camera, Scanner

List command

And hardwear? pen and cam: adobe ps and is the answer

• cyber and is not ethics

How does command prevent others

Write cyber/Ethics

-It set on computer

.4 command others and

• not in use for

Give one issue computers: . hacking or no- no

Computer Virus and (chapter 11 Remedy)

Chapter 11 true or flase::

Harmful

• mediums transmit ( false)

What is comouter virus?

Softwware

• means of transfer: per drive

Chapter 11-

To proct = ALL of the above

Term for?

• destructive: computer. virus AND the
• removes for computer virus
• secret pass
• pays royally: pirated software write full form of following for anti virus • -Norton Aniti virus, compacpt disk and anitirus

##Short and

• time bomb, 2 computers
• C AND B _COMPUTER,
• NO CANT BE ALL
• Give 2 anitv soft: av or nortan anti virus
• Short/ : to define virus computer
• computer afftect functioning; -4 s of c Slow speed, error message. and change fill extention preventitive/ aovid backups regulary and instal .what is : dvd spreading
• purpose is
• detect and remove ""Chapetr 12 computr and network internet- "" false only program/ email many people. ture. c uploading d smallare ture d blank spacd fasee web browser allow and true g website is a colleting true

2. select the . a

email

• the firest compure is arpanet protol= TCP IP no web ww