Computer Basics and Memory Organization Quiz

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How is overflow determined by the CPU for B2T (signed) addition?

By analyzing the sign bits of the operands

By inverting one of the operands

By comparing the last two carries (correct)

By checking if there is a carry-out of the sign bit

Can the same method be used for B2O addition?

No, a different method is used for B2O addition (correct)

Yes, it can be used with modifications

The method is irrelevant for B2O addition

Only partially applicable to B2O addition

What method is universally used for encoding signed integers in all modern hardware?

Two's complement (correct)

Gray code

Excess-3

One's complement

How is an integer negated in B2T (Two’s complement)?

By inverting all the bits Signup and view all the answers

How are numbers encoded in B2O added when one operand is negative and one is non-negative?

By adding a carry bit back to the result with a second addition Signup and view all the answers

How does the CPU compare the last two carries to determine overflow for two’s complement operations?

Using an XOR gate to compare the carries Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit of memory in a computer system?

Byte Signup and view all the answers

How many different values can be encoded by a bit string with n bits?

$2^n$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values which can be encoded by a B2U number of n bits?

$0$ to $2^n - 1$ Signup and view all the answers

What is a byte?

8 bits Signup and view all the answers

What bit value is used as the first carry to add two B2U numbers?

$0$ Signup and view all the answers

Are instructions stored as bit strings in a computer system?

Depends on the computer system Signup and view all the answers

In B2T (Two's complement) encoding, how is an integer negated?

By inverting all the bits and adding 1 Signup and view all the answers

For B2O (One's complement) addition, when adding numbers with one negative and one non-negative operand, how does the hardware handle the addition differently?

It performs a second addition with the last carry bit added back to get the final result Signup and view all the answers

How does a CPU determine overflow for B2T (Two's complement) operations?

By examining the carry into and out of the most significant bit Signup and view all the answers

Why is Two's complement encoding universally used in modern hardware for signed integers?

It avoids having two representations of 0 Signup and view all the answers

How can subtraction be performed in Two's complement by using inversion of one operand and a first carry of 1?

By inverting all bits of one operand and adding it to another Signup and view all the answers

What gate is used by the CPU to compare the last two carries to determine overflow in Two's complement operations?

AND gate Signup and view all the answers

How many different ways of encoding signed integers were discussed in the class?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values that can be encoded by a B2O (offset binary) number of n bits?

$-2^{n-1}$ to $2^{n-1} - 1$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between B2S and B2T methods of encoding signed integers?

B2S has a universal definition, while B2T's definition varies. Signup and view all the answers

In a computer system, how is memory typically organized?

In a hierarchical structure with different levels of memory hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of bits required to encode $128$ different values using a bit string?

$7$ Signup and view all the answers

What type of data/information is stored as bit strings in a computer system?

Both numerical and textual data Signup and view all the answers