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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the Control Unit in a CPU?
What is the primary function of the Control Unit in a CPU?
- Storing temporary results of calculations
- Performing arithmetic and logical operations
- Managing data transfer between registers
- Controlling the flow of data and instructions (correct)
What is the main difference between RAM and ROM?
What is the main difference between RAM and ROM?
- RAM is used for input and output, while ROM is used for processing
- RAM is used for secondary storage, while ROM is used for primary storage
- RAM is used for processing, while ROM is used for storage
- RAM is volatile, while ROM is non-volatile (correct)
What is the purpose of the Operating System in managing memory?
What is the purpose of the Operating System in managing memory?
- Retrieving data from secondary storage
- Displaying output on the screen
- Allocating memory to different programs (correct)
- Processing instructions in the CPU
What is the result of converting the denary number 12 to binary?
What is the result of converting the denary number 12 to binary?
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What is the term for a unit of data that is equal to 1024 bytes?
What is the term for a unit of data that is equal to 1024 bytes?
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Which type of computer can perform a different set of instructions without being altered physically?
Which type of computer can perform a different set of instructions without being altered physically?
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What is the primary function of the ALU in a CPU?
What is the primary function of the ALU in a CPU?
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What is the main purpose of secondary storage?
What is the main purpose of secondary storage?
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What is the result of adding three binary numbers: 101, 110, and 111?
What is the result of adding three binary numbers: 101, 110, and 111?
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What is the term for a unit of data that is equal to 1024 kilobytes?
What is the term for a unit of data that is equal to 1024 kilobytes?
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Study Notes
What is a Computer?
- A computer is an electronic device that takes in input, processes it, and produces output.
Fixed vs Programmable Computers
- Fixed computers are designed to perform a single task and cannot be changed.
- Programmable computers can be reprogrammed to perform different tasks.
Calculators vs Computers
- Calculators are designed to perform mathematical calculations.
- Computers are designed to perform a wide range of tasks, including calculations, data processing, and storage.
Input and Output
- Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc. (devices that send data to the computer)
- Output devices: monitor, printer, speaker, etc. (devices that receive data from the computer)
RAM vs ROM
- RAM (Random Access Memory): volatile memory that temporarily stores data while the computer is running.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): non-volatile memory that permanently stores data.
Secondary Storage
- Necessary to store data when the computer is turned off.
- Types of secondary storage: hard drives, solid-state drives, flash drives, CDs, DVDs, etc.
- Technologies used: magnetic, optical, solid-state.
CPU
- Components:
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- Busses: connections between components.
- Clock: controls the timing of operations.
- Registers: small amounts of memory built into the CPU.
- Control Unit: manages the flow of data.
Operating System
- Role:
- Managing Memory: allocating and deallocating memory for programs.
- Program execution: running programs and managing their execution.
- Managing Input and Output: handling input/output operations.
- Managing User Interface (GUI): providing a user-friendly interface.
- Managing Communication: managing communication between devices and programs.
Binary
- A binary number system using only 0s and 1s.
- Conversion:
- Denary to Binary: converting decimal numbers to binary.
- Binary to Denary: converting binary numbers to decimal.
Binary Maths
- Adding three binary numbers together:
- Performing binary addition using the rules of binary arithmetic.
Data Sizes
- Units of measurement:
- Bit: the smallest unit of measurement.
- Nibble: 4 bits.
- Byte: 8 bits.
- Kilobyte: 1024 bytes.
- Megabyte: 1024 kilobytes.
- Gigabyte: 1024 megabytes.
- Terabyte: 1024 gigabytes.
What is a Computer?
- A computer is an electronic device that takes in input, processes it, and produces output.
Fixed vs Programmable Computers
- Fixed computers are designed to perform a single task and cannot be changed.
- Programmable computers can be reprogrammed to perform different tasks.
Calculators vs Computers
- Calculators are designed to perform mathematical calculations.
- Computers are designed to perform a wide range of tasks, including calculations, data processing, and storage.
Input and Output
- Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone, etc. (devices that send data to the computer)
- Output devices: monitor, printer, speaker, etc. (devices that receive data from the computer)
RAM vs ROM
- RAM (Random Access Memory): volatile memory that temporarily stores data while the computer is running.
- ROM (Read-Only Memory): non-volatile memory that permanently stores data.
Secondary Storage
- Necessary to store data when the computer is turned off.
- Types of secondary storage: hard drives, solid-state drives, flash drives, CDs, DVDs, etc.
- Technologies used: magnetic, optical, solid-state.
CPU
- Components:
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- Busses: connections between components.
- Clock: controls the timing of operations.
- Registers: small amounts of memory built into the CPU.
- Control Unit: manages the flow of data.
Operating System
- Role:
- Managing Memory: allocating and deallocating memory for programs.
- Program execution: running programs and managing their execution.
- Managing Input and Output: handling input/output operations.
- Managing User Interface (GUI): providing a user-friendly interface.
- Managing Communication: managing communication between devices and programs.
Binary
- A binary number system using only 0s and 1s.
- Conversion:
- Denary to Binary: converting decimal numbers to binary.
- Binary to Denary: converting binary numbers to decimal.
Binary Maths
- Adding three binary numbers together:
- Performing binary addition using the rules of binary arithmetic.
Data Sizes
- Units of measurement:
- Bit: the smallest unit of measurement.
- Nibble: 4 bits.
- Byte: 8 bits.
- Kilobyte: 1024 bytes.
- Megabyte: 1024 kilobytes.
- Gigabyte: 1024 megabytes.
- Terabyte: 1024 gigabytes.
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