Computer Assembly Review

Computer Assembly (Review)

• Crossword puzzle completion based on computer terms.

Horizontal clues and answers:

• Voice input device: Microphone
• Cable color for motors: Yellow
• Electrical resistance unit: Ohm
• Input device that sends characters: Keyboard
• Number of computer elements (letter): Seven
• Functional computer by Babbage and Lovelace: Analytical engine
• 3.3 volt cable: Orange
• Computer element: Transistor
• Computer external component: Monitor
• Daughter of Lord Byron: Ada Byron
• Bidirectional touch device: Touch Monitor
• Octet of bits: Byte
• Current that powers the power supply: Alternating
• Neutral cable color: Black
• Simplest numerical system: Binary

Vertical clues and answers:

• Machine Ada and Charles couldn't develop: Computer
• Turing's deciphering machine: Enigma
• 255 character code: ASCII
• How to get an elephant out of a well: Ask
• Main component of the CPU: Processor
• Prevents electrical shocks: Physical ground
• Father of computers: Babbage
• First computer: Abacus
• Smallest unit of information: Bit
• 5 volt cable color: Red
• Father of software: Bill Gates
• Current from the power supply: Direct
• Connector for 4 cables for optical drives and hard drives: Molex
• Electrical current unit: Ampere
• Electrical voltage unit: Volt

Additional Information

• Abacus: ~500 a.c.
• Charles Babbage (1822): A 30-year-old mathematician who created the differential machine able to add sums and subtract.
• Ada Byron: Helped develop it at age 17, a mathematician.
• They tried to create the Analytical Machine, but it remained a project.
• Modern Era:
  • Software: Intangible, things like programs and operating systems
  • Hardware.
    • Internal Hardware Components: Processor, RAM, ROM, Motherboard, Hard Drive.
    • Input: Keyboard, mouse, scanner, camera, microphone.
    • Output: Speakers, printers, displays.
    • Bidirectional: Touch information is both input and output.

Current Types

• Direct Current.
  • Used by Nikola Tesla.
  • Maintains a constant flow. Used in Guadalajara, Monterrey, and Mexico City subways
• Alternating Current.
  • Thomas Alba Edison.
  • Has crests and valleys, oscillates at 60 Hz

Electrical Concepts

• Electrical phases.
  • Monophasic: 1 phase with 1 neutral.
  • Biphasic: 2 phases with 1 neutral.
  • Triphasic: 3 phases with 1 neutral.
• Electricity: Electrons in motion.
• Ohm's Law.
  • Voltage (V): V = I * R
  • Resistance (Ω): R = V / I
  • Intensity (Ampere) (a) : I = V / R
  • Increased resistance results in decreased intensity.

Cable and Voltage Testing

• Cable Verification
• Testing cables for continuity with a multimeter
• Power Supply Testing With a Multimeter
• Testing for 127 AC (Alternating Current)
• Testing for +12Vcc, +5Vcc, and +3.3Vcc (Direct Current)
• Voltage Testing
• Ensure cables don't touch to prevent shorts. Necessary to test in place. Change the multimeter after measuring resistance.
• Proper Voltage readings:
  • Red wire to ground (Black wire): ~5V
    • Orange wire to ground: ~3.3V
    • Yellow wire to ground: ~12V

Power Supply Voltages

• +12 Vcc - Yellow - Motors
• +5 Vcc - Red - Circuits (chips)
• +3.3 Vcc - Orange - Processors
• Neutral - Black

Power Connector Types

• Molex
• SATA
• BERG (Floppy Drives)

Voltages in a Power Supply

• +3.3V: Pins 1, 2, 13
• -12V: Pin 14
• Ground: Pins 3, 5, 7, 15, 17, 19, 24
• +5V: Pins 4, 6, 21, 22, 23
• PS_ON: Pin 16
• -5V (optional): Pin 20
• +5 VSB: Pin 9
• +12V: Pins 10, 11
• Cable Functions:
  • Yellow: Provides +12V to the graphics card, motherboard, fans, and PCI Express cards.
  • Red: Provides +5V, powers hard drives, USB ports, and some PCI Express expansion cards.
• Power Supply Certification: A test that measures the efficiency and performance of a power supply.
  • Certification Types: White, Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum, Titanium

USB Summary

• USB: "Universal Serial Bus," a connection standard that allows transferring data, communicating, and powering electronic devices.
• USB Types and Forms:
  • USB Type A.
  • USB Type B.
  • USB 3.0.
  • USB Mini.
  • USB Micro.
  • USB Type C.
  • Lightning. There is a difference between Lightning and Type-C, where Lightning is larger towards the top.
  • Micro A.
  • Micro B.
  • Micro AB is more rectangle

Data Size

• Bit: Smallest unit of information a computer can process and store. It can have two values: 0 or 1.
• Byte: Standard unit of information equal to 8 bits. Represents 256 different values.