Computer Architecture: CPU Functions

Study Notes

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is referred to as the "brain" of the computer, responsible for controlling operations and overall functioning.
It coordinates and executes instructions from software applications.

Components of the CPU

The CPU consists of two main components: the Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).

Control Unit (CU)

The CU is responsible for interpreting instructions and overseeing the flow of data within the computer.
It ensures that data transfer between components occurs efficiently and accurately.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

The ALU performs essential arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction.
It also handles logical operations, enabling decision-making processes within computational tasks.

Input Devices Overview

Input devices allow users to enter data into computers.
Common input devices include a mouse, keyboard, scanner, and microphone.

Types of Input Devices

Optical Mark Reader (OMR):
- Used to read marked data from paper forms, often utilized in exams and surveys.
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR):
- OCR converts scanned images of text into machine-readable text.
- MICR reads information encoded in magnetic ink, commonly used in banking for check processing.
Mouse:
- A pointing device that allows users to interact with the computer's graphical user interface.
Joystick:
- An input device primarily used for gaming, allowing users to manipulate computer graphics in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.
Barcode Reader:
- Scans printed barcodes and decodes the information embedded within, widely used in retail and inventory management.
Document Scanner:
- Digitizes physical documents into electronic formats, facilitating storage and sharing.
Light Pen:
- A pen-like device that detects light from a computer screen, allowing for drawing and selection tasks.
Touch Terminals:
- Interactive terminals that respond to touch, utilized in various applications like kiosks and point of sale systems.
Voice Response Unit:
- Enables user interaction through voice commands, often integrated into customer service systems.
Touch Screens:
- Displays that detect touch input, commonly found in tablets, ATMs, and interactive displays.
Keyboard:
- A standard input device featuring keys for typing text and executing commands.
Digital Camera:
- Captures images and videos, converting them into digital formats for storage and editing.
Biometric Systems:
- Authentication devices that use unique physical characteristics (like fingerprints or facial recognition) to identify users.
Sensors:
- Devices that detect and respond to environmental changes such as temperature, light, and motion.
Remote Control:
- A device used to operate electronics from a distance, commonly associated with televisions and other home appliances.
Sound Capture:
- Devices that record audio, including microphones and specialized recording equipment.
Pointing Devices:
- Any device allowing for spatial interaction with graphical interfaces, including mice and trackpads.
Webcam:
- A digital camera connected to a computer, primarily used for video conferencing and streaming.

Description

This quiz focuses on the Central Processing Unit (CPU) and its crucial role in computer operations. It explores the responsibilities of the Control Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in executing instructions and performing calculations. Test your knowledge on the components and functions of the CPU.