Computational Thinking Skills

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Questions and Answers

Define Computational thinking.

Computational thinking is a problem-solving approach using a computer that formulates a problem and its solution to be effectively executed by a computer.

State the computational thinking skills. (Select all that apply)

  • Logical reasoning (correct)
  • Pattern recognition (correct)
  • Algorithmic thinking (correct)
  • Abstraction (correct)
  • Decomposition (correct)

List the core concepts of CT.

The core concepts of CT are decomposition, abstraction, pattern recognition, and algorithmic thinking.

What is the goal of the "Design thinking model"?

<p>The goal of the Design thinking model is to provide a problem-solving approach that focuses on user empathy and iteratively develops solutions by going through the steps: empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key advantage of developing computational thinking skills?

<p>Memorization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Computational thinking skills can only be used in the field of computer science.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the computational thinking pillar "Decomposition".

<p>Decomposition is the process of breaking down a large problem into smaller, more manageable parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the computational thinking pillar "Abstraction".

<p>Abstraction involves focusing on the essential parts of a problem and ignoring irrelevant details.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the computational thinking pillar "Pattern recognition".

<p>Pattern recognition is the ability to identify recurring patterns or trends in data or processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the computational thinking pillar "Algorithmic thinking".

<p>Algorithmic thinking involves creating a step-by-step plan or sequence of instructions to solve a problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an algorithm?

<p>An algorithm is a set of clear, well-defined, and unambiguous instructions that are designed to solve a specific problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two common ways of representing algorithms?

<p>Flowchart (A), Pseudocode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An algorithm must always have a finite number of steps.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An algorithm can only have one input.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An algorithm should always have a single output.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each step in an algorithm must be clear and unambiguous.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An algorithm may contain steps that cannot be executed in a finite amount of time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a guideline for developing an algorithm?

<p>An algorithm is typically enclosed with a <code>START</code> or <code>BEGIN</code> and a <code>STOP</code> or <code>END</code> statement. This helps make it clear when the algorithm begins and ends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common statements for inputting data into an algorithm?

<p>Common statements for inputting data into an algorithm include <code>INPUT</code>, <code>READ</code>, <code>GET</code>, or <code>OBTAIN</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common statements for outputting data from an algorithm?

<p>Common statements for outputting data from an algorithm include <code>PRINT</code>, <code>DISPLAY</code>, or <code>WRITE</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common statements for performing mathematical calculations within an algorithm?

<p>Common statements for performing mathematical calculations within an algorithm include <code>COMPUTE</code> or <code>CALCULATE</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using algorithms?

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm to calculate the volume of a sphere using the formula: v = (4/3) pir³ where pi is equal to 3.1416.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read r (radius) Step 3: Calculate v = (4/3) * 3.1416 * r³ Step 4: Print v Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm to convert Celsius degrees to Fahrenheit degrees using the formula: F = (9/5) *C+32.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read C (Celsius degrees) Step 3: Calculate F = (9/5) * C + 32 Step 4: Print F (Fahrenheit degrees) Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm to find the greater number between two numbers A and B.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read A and B Step 3: If A &gt; B: Step 4: Print A Step 5: Else: Step 6: Print B Step 7: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm to find the average of three temperatures T1, T2, and T3.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read T1, T2, and T3 Step 3: Calculate Average = (T1 + T2 + T3) / 3 Step 4: Print Average Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm to calculate even numbers between 0 and 99.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: For i = 0 to 99: Step 3: If (i % 2 == 0): Step 4: Print i Step 5: End For Step 6: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm to compute the radius of a circle. Derive your formula from the given equation: $A = πr²$, then display the output.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read A (Area of the circle) Step 3: Calculate r = √(A/π), where π = 3.1416 Step 4: Print r (Radius of the circle) Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm that takes as input the purchase price of an item (P), its expected number of years of service (Y) and its expected salvage value (S). Then outputs the yearly depreciation for the item (D). Use the formula: $D = (P – S) / Y$.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read P (purchase price) Step 3: Read Y (expected years of service) Step 4: Read S (expected salvage value) Step 5: Calculate D = (P - S)/Y Step 6: Print D (yearly depreciation) Step 7: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Design an algorithm to find the circumference of a circle. Use the formula: $C = 2Ï€r$, where $Ï€$ is approximately equivalent to 3.1416.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read r (Radius of the circle) Step 3: Calculate C = 2 * 3.1416 * r Step 4: Print C (Circumference of the circle) Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm that converts an input inch(es) into its equivalent centimeters. Take note that one inch is equivalent to 2.54cms.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read inches Step 3: Calculate centimeters = inches * 2.54 Step 4: Print centimeters Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Write an algorithm that converts the input dollar to its peso exchange rate equivalent. Assume that the present exchange rate is 51.50 pesos against the dollar. Then display the peso equivalent exchange rate.

<p>Step 1: Start Step 2: Read dollar Step 3: Calculate pesos = dollar * 51.50 Step 4: Print pesos Step 5: Stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computational thinking

A problem-solving approach using a computer, where the problem and its solution are formulated for efficient execution by a computer system.

Decomposition

Breaking down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable parts.

Abstraction

Reducing complexity by focusing on essential aspects and ignoring unnecessary details.

Pattern recognition

Identifying recurring patterns or trends in data or processes to understand and represent them.

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Algorithmic thinking

Designing step-by-step instructions (algorithms) to solve problems that can be executed by a computer.

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Design thinking model

A problem-solving approach focusing on understanding the user, defining the problem, brainstorming ideas, prototyping solutions, and testing them.

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Decomposition (Example)

Breaking down a complex problem into smaller segments to find a solution or algorithm.

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Abstraction (Example)

Simplifying a problem by focusing on important aspects and ignoring other details; finding the necessary details for solving a problem.

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Pattern recognition (Example)

Identifying recurring patterns to describe and represent sequences, such as number sequences, shapes, sounds, or images.

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Study Notes

Computational Thinking

  • Computational thinking (CT) is a problem-solving approach that uses a computer to formulate a problem and its solution for effective execution.
  • CT aims to provide a solution ready to be programmed into a computer.

Lecture Objectives

  • Define computational thinking.
  • List computational thinking skills:
    • Decomposition
    • Abstraction
    • Pattern recognition
    • Algorithmic thinking
  • Describe an algorithm for some practical problems.

Computational Thinking Skills

  • Decomposition: Breaking down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts. This simplifies solution for a computer.

  • Abstraction: Focusing on essential information and ignoring irrelevant details, allowing simplification of complex problems.

    • Finding the main points, while neglecting unnecessary data
    • One object or word replacing multiple objects or complex actions
    • Models and simulations are abstractions too.

  • Pattern Recognition: Identifying patterns in data and processes, to describe and represent sequences accurately.

    • Example: Identifying patterns in number sequences (1, 4, 7, 10,...)
    • Recognising shapes, sounds, or images as common patterns.

  • Algorithmic Thinking: Creating step-by-step instructions (algorithms) to solve problems accurately.

    • Algorithms must be unambiguous, have a finite number of steps, defined input and output, and must be effective.
    • Algorithm representation using Pseudocode (textual) or flowchart (graphical).

  • Logical Reasoning: Encouraging individuals to analyse problems thoroughly, identify cause-and-effect relationships and use logic to reach the appropriate solution.

Advantages of Developing Computational Thinking Skills

  • Problem-solving skills: Structured approach to solving complex problems by breaking them down into smaller parts; identify patterns.
  • Logical reasoning: Encourage analyzing problems and identifying cause-and-effect relationships.
  • Creativity and innovation: Encouraging generating innovative solutions.
  • Data analysis and interpretation: Understanding how to collect, organize, and analyze data.
  • Algorithmic thinking: Ability to design and implement algorithms for problem-solving.
  • Collaboration and teamwork: Working collaboratively on problem-solving tasks.
  • Transferable skills: Enhancement of critical thinking, problem-solving, and analytical skills in diverse fields like business, healthcare, and finance.

Design Thinking Model

  • A solution creation method based on understanding audience's needs; empathizing with the situation.
  • Iterative process including:
    • Empathize: Learn about the problem.
    • Define: Identify objectives and actions needed.
    • Ideate: Brainstorm ideas.
    • Prototype: Design the solution and check it often.
    • Test: Check the solution and adjust as required.

Office Lunch Algorithm

  • Problem: Determining the final cost of an office lunch.
    • Two options: 8.50forsandwich,8.50 for sandwich, 8.50forsandwich,7.95 for salad
  • Equation: Cost = 8.5 * No. of sandwiches + 7.95 * No. of salads
  • Example Data: 12 sandwiches, 23 salads, Total cost = $284.85

Examples of Algorithms

  • Adding Two Numbers:

    • Start
    • Input two numbers (a and b)
    • Calculate sum = a + b
    • Display sum
    • Stop

  • Simple Interest:

    • Start
    • Input principle, time, rate
    • Calculate interest = principal * time * rate / 100
    • Display interest
    • Stop

  • Calculate the Volume of a Sphere:

    • Start
    • Input radius (r)
    • Calculate volume = (4/3) * 3.1416 * radius^3
    • Display volume
    • Stop

  • Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit:-Start

    • Input Celsius (C)
    • Calculate Fahrenheit (F) = (9/5) * C + 32
    • Display Fahrenheit
    • Stop

  • Finding the Greater Number:-Start -Input two numbers (A and B) -Check if A > B -If true, display A (as the greater number) -Else display B

    • Stop

  • Calculate Average Temperature:-Start -Input temperatures T1, T2, and T3 -Calculate average = (T1 + T2 + T3) / 3 -Display average -Stop

Questions (from the provided slides)

  • Different questions are about computing radius of a circle, economic order quantity, depreciation of items, and conversions (inches to centimeters, dollars to pesos).

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