Computational Thinking Concepts

A problem-solving approach using methods to express problems and solutions in a way a computer could execute.

Breaking a complex problem into smaller, easier parts to solve.

Focusing on important details and ignoring unnecessary information.

Finding similarities in problems and solutions.

Step-by-step instructions to solve a problem.

Using CT methods to divide problems, focus on crucial details, find patterns, and create step-by-step solutions.

Computational thinking is crucial for designing intelligent systems that can learn and adapt.

CT provides a structured way to design solutions that can be programmed.

A problem-solving approach that uses methods to express problems and solutions in a way a computer could execute.

Computational thinking is used to connect and control smart devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain, allowing them to communicate and interact seamlessly.

Data is raw facts or observations, while information is processed and interpreted data that gives it meaning.

The process of converting analog information into digital bits that computers and other devices can process.

Transforms data from one format to another to make it compatible with different systems, platforms, or software applications.

Data that spans an infinite range of potential values.

Data that is confined to a finite set of options.

Methods used to represent numbers in written form. Examples include Roman numerals, decimal system, and binary system.

A system where the value of a digit depends on its position within the number. Each position represents a power of the base.

The number of unique digits used in a positional number system. It determines the range of values for each digit.

The smallest digit in any positional system is always 0 (zero).

The largest digit in a positional system is one less than the base.

A positional number system with a base of 2, using only the digits 0 and 1.

The most common positional system, with a base of 10, using digits from 0 to 9.

A positional number system with a base of 16, using digits from 0 to 9 and letters A to F.

The number 925 can be expressed as a sum of powers of 10, like this: (9 * 10^2) + (2 * 10^1) + (5 * 10^0).

Representing large numbers concisely using powers of ten.

Positional systems allow for representing numbers efficiently, facilitating calculations and making it easier to work with large numbers.

A sequence of 0s and 1s used to represent numbers in a computer system. Each bit represents a binary digit.

The number of unique digits used in a number system. For example, base 10 uses 0-9, while base 2 (binary) uses 0 and 1.

An N-bit string can represent 2^N unique numbers, ranging from 0 to 2^N - 1.

Real numbers can be represented in binary by extending the positional system to the right of the decimal point, with positions representing decreasing powers of 2.

The accuracy of a stored real number, determined by the number of bits allocated for its representation. A larger number of bits means higher precision.

An error that occurs when representing a real number in a computer due to limited precision. This can lead to slightly inaccurate calculations.

The binary number 1012 represents the decimal number 1.625. It translates to 1 x 2^0 + 0 x 2^-1 + 1 x 2^-2 = 1 + 0 + 0.25 = 1.25.

A notation used to clarify the base of a number system. For instance, 1012 indicates the number 101 is in binary (base 2).

Occurs when a computation results in a value that exceeds the capacity of the available bits, causing the result to wrap around to the beginning of the possible values.

Occurs when a computation results in a value that is too small in magnitude to be represented with the available bits, causing the result to be rounded to zero.

A system that assigns numerical values to textual characters, allowing computers to store and process text.

A common character encoding standard used for English text, assigning numerical values to English characters, punctuation, and control characters.

Textual characters that represent visible symbols, such as letters, numbers, and punctuation marks.

Textual characters that are used as commands or instructions for text editors or processes, but do not display as visible symbols.

A collection of graphical designs for textual characters, defining the look and style of text.

A specific design for a font, such as Arial, Times New Roman, or Comic Sans.

The human eye sees color using three types of cone cells sensitive to red, green, and blue light.

A system used to digitally represent color by combining intensities of red, green, and blue light.

Colors are stored in computers as 24-bit strings, where each color component (red, green, blue) has 8 bits (0-255).

A single point in a digital image representing a single color.

Images are stored as grids of pixels, each represented by a 24-bit color string, along with additional header information like width and height.

The number of bits needed to store an image depends on the number of pixels. More pixels means more detail, but more bits required.

Metadata stored along with an image, like its width, height, and format.

Videos with high resolutions, commonly 1920x1080 pixels, require significantly more bits to store.