Questions and Answers
Which of the following scenarios could result in the development of a compressional mountain belt?
Which geologic features would be present in compressional mountain belts?
Which of the following rocks are characteristics of compressional mountain building?
What type of force causes folding?
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What is an anticline?
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What is a syncline?
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Imagine an anticline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface?
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Imagine a syncline has been eroded to a flat surface. How would the rock age change as you walked across that flat surface?
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What produces plunging folds?
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What does the term plunging fold mean?
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Imagine a fold has been eroded to a flat surface. In general, how would you know whether this fold is plunging?
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Which of the following statements best describes the orientation of rock layers for a structural dome or structural basin?
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If strike and dip symbols were placed on a map of a basin, which way would the dips point?
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Which fault will see the hanging wall move down relative to the footwall?
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_____ faults combine elements of strike-slip and dip-slip motions.
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What is the geologic term for folded rocks with the bend at the bottom?
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What are stromatolites?
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What does a turbidite sequence consist of?
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What causes metamorphism to occur in the Blue Ridge District during the Alleghanian Orogeny?
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When did Pangea begin to break into smaller fragments?
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In a normal fault ______.
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Study Notes
Compressional Mountain Belts
- Formed by the collision of two landmasses.
- Feature thrust faults, intrusive igneous rocks, and folds.
Rock Characteristics
- Schist is a common rock type associated with compressional mountain building.
Forces and Folding
- Compression forces cause folding; resulting folds can be classified as anticlines or synclines.
Anticlines and Synclines
- Anticline: A fold resembling an upside-down U shape, with younger rocks on the outer edges and older rocks in the center once eroded.
- Syncline: A fold taking the shape of a right-side-up U, with older rocks on the edges and younger rocks in the middle after erosion.
Plunging Folds
- Created by a combination of folding and tilting.
- Plunging folds tilt downwards into the Earth.
Identifying Fold Types
- Plunging folds display wavy surface lines, while non-plunging folds appear as straight lines.
Structural Domes and Basins
- Rock layers in structural domes and basins wrap around a single point.
- In a basin, strike and dip symbols indicate dips pointing toward the center.
Fault Types
- Normal faults occur when the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall.
- Oblique-slip faults combine strike-slip and dip-slip movements.
Geological Terms
- Syncline refers specifically to folded rocks with the bend at the bottom.
Stromatolites
- Mats of blue-green algae that formed mound-like structures on the sea floor.
Turbidite Sequences
- Composed of a layer of sand topped by a layer of mud, indicative of sedimentary processes.
Metamorphism in Blue Ridge District
- Arises from strong differential stress during the Alleghanian Orogeny due to compressional stress from westward thrusting.
Pangea Fragmentation
- Began to break into smaller pieces approximately 180 million years ago.
Normal Fault Dynamics
- In a normal fault, the hanging wall block slides downward along an inclined fault plane.
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Description
Test your knowledge on compressional mountain belts and the types of folds they create. This quiz covers the characteristics of rocks, the forces involved in folding, and the differences between anticlines and synclines. Challenge yourself and deepen your understanding of mountain-building processes!
