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Questions and Answers
What occurs as a result of time compression according to the dimensions of compressed modernity?
What occurs as a result of time compression according to the dimensions of compressed modernity?
What phenomenon is associated with space compression in compressed modernity?
What phenomenon is associated with space compression in compressed modernity?
How does the all-encompassing dimension of compressed modernity operate?
How does the all-encompassing dimension of compressed modernity operate?
What impact does urban bias have on rural society according to the dimension of space compression?
What impact does urban bias have on rural society according to the dimension of space compression?
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What characterizes the interaction between traditional and modern elements in the context of time compression?
What characterizes the interaction between traditional and modern elements in the context of time compression?
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What characterized South Korea's position in the context of international political economy as discussed?
What characterized South Korea's position in the context of international political economy as discussed?
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What was a significant concern for South Koreans regarding their economic position?
What was a significant concern for South Koreans regarding their economic position?
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What change did the first amendment to the South Korean constitution in 1952 introduce?
What change did the first amendment to the South Korean constitution in 1952 introduce?
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Which of the following was a result of the second amendment to the South Korean constitution in 1954?
Which of the following was a result of the second amendment to the South Korean constitution in 1954?
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During which administration was the first amendment to the South Korean constitution enacted?
During which administration was the first amendment to the South Korean constitution enacted?
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How did South Korea perceive its condition of late development?
How did South Korea perceive its condition of late development?
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What was emphasized about the historical condition of South Korea during its economic modernization?
What was emphasized about the historical condition of South Korea during its economic modernization?
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What aspect of the democracy movement in South Korea is significant in its historical context?
What aspect of the democracy movement in South Korea is significant in its historical context?
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Which term describes South Korea's economic growth and its implications according to the context provided?
Which term describes South Korea's economic growth and its implications according to the context provided?
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What was the primary effect of forced skewed insertion into modernity on Korea?
What was the primary effect of forced skewed insertion into modernity on Korea?
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In the context of South Korea, how was American capitalist modernity introduced?
In the context of South Korea, how was American capitalist modernity introduced?
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What characterized the post-Korean War reconstruction in both South and North Korea?
What characterized the post-Korean War reconstruction in both South and North Korea?
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What was the outcome of the statist order and catch-up development in Korea?
What was the outcome of the statist order and catch-up development in Korea?
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What was a significant motive behind the leaders of postcolonial nations repositioning themselves as nationalist figures?
What was a significant motive behind the leaders of postcolonial nations repositioning themselves as nationalist figures?
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Which factor contributed to the distorted experiences of modernization in Korea?
Which factor contributed to the distorted experiences of modernization in Korea?
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What best describes the nature of modernization during the Cold War in South Korea?
What best describes the nature of modernization during the Cold War in South Korea?
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What event triggered the April Revolution in 1960?
What event triggered the April Revolution in 1960?
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What was the outcome of the protests as they intensified during the April Revolution?
What was the outcome of the protests as they intensified during the April Revolution?
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What strategy did Park Chung-hee employ to boost economic growth during his rule?
What strategy did Park Chung-hee employ to boost economic growth during his rule?
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During which time period did Park Chung-hee govern Korea?
During which time period did Park Chung-hee govern Korea?
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What was a key characteristic of the economic strategy under Park Chung-hee?
What was a key characteristic of the economic strategy under Park Chung-hee?
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Which industry saw a shift during the 1970s under Park Chung-hee's regime?
Which industry saw a shift during the 1970s under Park Chung-hee's regime?
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What significant event occurred on May 16, 1961?
What significant event occurred on May 16, 1961?
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Which of the following can be considered a consequence of the April Revolution?
Which of the following can be considered a consequence of the April Revolution?
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How did the police and military react to orders during the later stages of the April Revolution?
How did the police and military react to orders during the later stages of the April Revolution?
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Study Notes
Week 7: Compressed Modernity & Democracy Movement
- Compressed modernity is a civilizational condition where economic, political, social, and/or cultural changes occur rapidly in both time and space. This rapid change leads to the construction and reconstruction of complex and fluid social systems.
Five Dimensions of Compressed Modernity
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Dimension I (Time): Condensation/Abridgement. South Korea's rapid transition from low-income agriculture to advanced industrialization in a short period (mere decades). This was partly due to a combination of internal developmental efforts, but also from asymmetrical international relations, like American military influence after the liberation period.
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Dimension II (Space): Condensation/Abridgement. Korea's rapid urbanization and industrialization, mirroring that of other countries, despite geographical and cultural differences. The creation of modern cities in Korea became separate from the native Korean civilization in this period. This was also facilitated by globalization and information technology in the 1990s.
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Dimension III (Time): Compression/Complication. Traditional, modern, and postmodern values and cultures exist together, often creating complex conditions and dynamic processes of change.
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Dimension IV (Space): Compression/Complication. The coexistence and interaction of different global/foreign and local/indigenous elements within a single time/space. This can lead to competition, conflict, or the domination of one element over another. Urban bias, which sacrifices rural societies and traditional farming practices, is one example.
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Dimension V (All-encompassing): The social elements and phenomena from Dimensions I-IV create even more social and cultural elements in Korea. This dimension illustrates the co-existence of historical periods (past, present, and future) and contexts (Asia, Korea, and the West).
Conditions of Compressed Modernity
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Forced Skewed Insertion into Modernity: Modernity was imposed on Korea, like Japan, as a means to facilitate its modernization.
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The Cold War as Modernization: American capitalist modernization was introduced as a package deal and was underpinned by military protection and economic aid.
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Civil War and Post-War Reconstruction: The Korean war and the post-war reconstruction period in both North and South Korea led to a hasty approach to modernization, which negatively affected indigenous values and resources.
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Statist Order and Catch-up Development: The state attempted to accelerate rapid industrialization. Social orders and cultural traditions were often maintained, contributing to skewed or uneven progress.
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Modernization instead of Social Revolution: Post-colonial contexts often had more to do with revitalizing historical dignity than a complete social revolution. This is seen in attempts to define nationalism locally in the face of imposed ideologies.
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Advantages and Pitfalls of Late Development: South Korea benefited from being strategically central in international relations and its access to advanced technology, but also suffered from being caught behind in certain aspects (seen in Korea's perceived backwardness).
Democracy Movement
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RHEE Syngman Administration: First Republic of South Korea (1948-1960) – indirect election then amended to direct elections. The introduction of a term limit for the presidency was also amended.
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April Revolution (1960): This student-led revolution took place in response to a rigged election. Protests by students and their supporters against the Rhee dictatorship ended with the forced resignation of President Rhee.
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Park Chung-hee Administration (1961-1979): A military coup installed Park Chung-hee in power, which was characterized by authoritarian rule.
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Student Movement in PARK's Presidency Many students protested various aspects of Park's authoritarian policies.
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The Labor Movement and Democracy Change: This period saw significant labor activism as a driving force alongside students and intellectuals.
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Gwangju Uprising (1980): Military coup sparked uprising in the city.
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5.18 Gwangju Uprising (1980): Heavy protests and army intervention left thousands dead.
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June Democracy Movement (1987): Democratic resistance movements and a student movement led to political reforms. Torture of PARK Jong-chul highlighted public sentiment.
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Nobel Peace Prize Winner (KIM Dae-jung).
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Civil Administrations: Democratic activism, sunshine policies, and the desire for reconciliation.
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Candlelight Revolution: This protest movement targeted the then-president (daughter of President PARK Chung-hee).
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Significance of the Candlelight Revolution: Massive mobilization of citizens in response to corruption and social inequalities. These movements highlighted desire for genuine political change.
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Description
Explore the concept of compressed modernity and its impact on the democracy movement, focusing on the rapid transformations in South Korea. This quiz delves into the dimensions of time and space, showcasing how Korea underwent significant changes in a short period. Test your understanding of these complex social dynamics.
