Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)?

  • To enhance industrialization in the Philippines
  • To increase agricultural exports to foreign countries
  • To improve infrastructure facilities in urban areas
  • To redistribute agricultural lands to landless farmers (correct)

    • Who signed the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL) and when?

  • President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986
  • President Benigno Aquino III in 2012
  • President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in 1995
  • President Corazon C. Aquino in 1988 (correct)

    • Which support services are provided by the Department to agrarian reform beneficiaries?

  • Job placement services and housing assistance
  • Infrastructure facilities and marketing assistance (correct)
  • Educational scholarships and technology grants
  • Tourism development and foreign investment programs

    • What is one intention behind the vision of CARP?

    <p>To empower agrarian reform beneficiaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of decisions and events from the past as recognized in the context of agrarian reform?

    <p>Ongoing social and economic issues today (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does land tenure improvement aim to achieve?

    <p>Hasten distribution of lands to landless farmers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is social justice a key component of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)?

    <p>To promote equitable distribution of land ownership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stated aim of CARP?

    <p>Empowerment of agricultural landowners (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary form of land ownership in the Philippines before the arrival of the Spaniards?

    <p>Common ownership by the barangay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the encomienda system serve during the Spanish period?

    <p>Collection of taxes and tribute from peasants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What replaced the encomienda system towards the end of the 18th century?

    <p>Haciendas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the status of natives under the encomienda system?

    <p>They became shared tenants and lost their land rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who declared the intention to confiscate large estates in the Malolos Constitution?

    <p>Aguinaldo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence of the encomienda system for the natives?

    <p>Heavy reliance on landlords for rental payments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the pre-Spanish period, which class ruled the barangays?

    <p>Datus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the medium of exchange during the pre-Spanish period in the Philippines?

    <p>Rice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was President Fidel V. Ramos's vision for the Agrarian Reform Program?

    <p>Fairer, faster, and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP?

    <p>Republic Act No. 7881 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of Executive Order No. 363?

    <p>To limit land conversion types and set conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Agrarian Reform Fund Bill provide?

    <p>Additional Php50 billion for CARP implementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who initiated the Farmer’s Trust Fund through Executive Order No. 151?

    <p>President Joseph E. Estrada (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary goal of the MAGKASAKA initiative?

    <p>To form joint ventures for accessing long-term capital (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Republic Act strengthened the implementation of CARP?

    <p>Republic Act No. 7905 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of agriculture did Republic Act No. 8435 aim to address?

    <p>It addressed legal loopholes in land use conversion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NARRA stand for?

    <p>National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Land Registration Act provided a comprehensive registration of land titles under the Torrens system?

    <p>Land Registration Act of 1902 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what date did President Aquino sign the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law?

    <p>June 10, 1988 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Republic Act created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) for land acquisition and distribution?

    <p>Republic Act No. 1400 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law regulated the relationships between landowners and tenants of rice and sugar cane lands?

    <p>Tenancy Act of 1933 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was created by the law enacted on June 3, 1939, with a capital stock of P20,000,000?

    <p>National Settlement Administration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Philippine Bill of 1902?

    <p>To regulate land acquisition for private individuals and corporations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act dealt with 50-50 sharing between landowners and tenants of rice and sugar cane lands?

    <p>Tenancy Act of 1933 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Commonwealth Act No. 441 enacted on June 3, 1939?

    <p>It established the National Settlement Administration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act provided for comprehensive registration of land titles in the Philippines?

    <p>Land Registration Act of 1902 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major aspect of the Tenancy Act of 1933?

    <p>It regulated relationships between landowners and tenants of certain crops. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the Torrens system introduced by the Americans?

    <p>Many Filipinos lacked awareness or funds for the process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 1935 Constitution emphasize regarding social justice?

    <p>It should ensure the well-being and economic security of all people. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did the National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC) play in 1936?

    <p>To establish the price for rice and corn for better affordability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Commonwealth Act No. 178 amending the Rice Tenancy Act aim to control?

    <p>The relationship between landlords and tenants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Manuel L. Quezon's focus regarding social justice during the Commonwealth Period?

    <p>To address increasing social unrest through social justice programs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vision of the agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration?

    <p>To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of CARP is emphasized by the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)?

    <p>Land acquisition and distribution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infrastructure projects does DAR intend to implement to support agrarian reform communities?

    <p>Rural economic zones. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones initiative aim to achieve?

    <p>Concentration of ARC populations for greater agro-productivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DAR plan to address backlogs in agrarian cases?

    <p>By hiring more paralegal officers and introducing a quota system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What package of support services is included in CARP aside from land distribution?

    <p>Credit assistance, extension services, and technical support programs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about agrarian justice in the agrarian reform program is true?

    <p>It aims to respect the rights of both farmers and landowners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do roads and bridges play in the agrarian reform program?

    <p>They help connect rural areas for economic development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    CARP

    Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program; redistribution of agricultural land to landless farmers and farmworkers.

    Agrarian Reform

    Process of redistributing agricultural land.

    Landless Farmers

    Farmers without land ownership.

    CARP's Vision

    Equitable land ownership, empowered farmers, improved quality of life.

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    Land Tenure Improvement

    Part of CARP to increase land distribution speed.

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    Republic Act No. 6657

    Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL).

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    CARL

    Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law

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    Support Services

    CARP assistance for beneficiaries (infrastructure, marketing, credit, technical support).

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    Pre-Spanish land ownership

    Land was commonly owned by communities (barangays) and used communally or individually by members.

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    Encomienda System

    A system where the Spanish collected taxes from Filipinos by taking a portion of their agricultural products as tribute.

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    Encomienderos

    Spanish officials who were given control over land in the encomienda system.

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    Haciendas

    Large estates that replaced encomiendas, focusing on large-scale agriculture.

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    Friar lands

    Large estates owned by religious orders (Friars).

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    Malolos Constitution

    The first Philippine republic's constitution, planned to confiscate large estates like Friar lands.

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    Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo

    Leader of the First Philippine Republic who intended to seize large estates.

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    Barangay

    A community or village in the Philippines.

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    Philippine Bill of 1902

    Limited land ownership for individuals and corporations.

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    Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496)

    Established a system of registering land titles (Torrens System) for improved land ownership.

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    Public Land Act of 1903

    Introduced a homestead system in the Philippines, providing accessible land ownership.

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    Tenancy Act of 1933

    Regulated relationships between landowners & tenants for rice and sugarcane, using a 50-50 split.

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    Torrens System

    A land title registration method (Land Registration Act of 1902).

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    Social Justice Program

    A program by President Manuel L. Quezon to improve conditions during the Commonwealth period.

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    1935 Constitution

    Promoted social justice to improve the well-being of Filipinos.

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    Commonwealth Act No. 178

    Amended the Rice Tenancy Act to improve landlord-tenant relationships.

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    Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)

    The law that aims to redistribute agricultural land to landless farmers, promoting equity and improving the lives of farmers.

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    Land Tenure Administration (LTA)

    A government agency responsible for acquiring and distributing large tenanted rice and corn lands to farmers.

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    When was CARP signed?

    June 10, 1988

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    What encouraged the formation of the National Settlement Administration?

    Commonwealth Act No. 441.

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    CARP Implementation in 1992

    President Fidel V. Ramos faced a lack of public trust in the Agrarian Reform Program when he took office in 1992. His administration aimed for a 'Fairer, faster, and more meaningful' CARP implementation.

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    What did RA 7881 do?

    Passed in 1995, RA 7881 amended certain provisions of RA 6657 (CARL) and excluded fishponds and prawn farms from the coverage of CARP.

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    What is Executive Order 363 about?

    Issued in 1997, EO 363 established restrictions on land conversion. It categorized agricultural lands based on their suitability for conversion, with some being prohibited or highly restricted.

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    What was the purpose of RA 8435?

    The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997 aimed to close legal loopholes that were exploited for land use conversion.

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    What did RA 8532 provide?

    The Agrarian Reform Fund Bill of 1998 allocated an additional PHP50 billion to CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years.

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    What was the Farmer's Trust Fund?

    Introduced in 1999 through Executive Order 151, the Farmer's Trust Fund facilitated the voluntary consolidation of small farms into larger, integrated enterprises with access to long-term capital.

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    What was MAGKASAKA?

    Launched by President Estrada, MAGKASAKA (Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo) aimed to empower farmers through collaborations between the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and private investors.

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    Arroyo Administration's Vision for Agrarian Reform

    The vision aimed to make the countryside economically viable for Filipino families by building partnerships, promoting social equity, and creating new economic opportunities for lasting peace and sustainable rural development.

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    DAR's Role in Land Tenure Improvement

    The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) continued to implement land acquisition and distribution under CARP, aiming to improve land tenure through direct distribution and leasehold agreements.

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    CARP Support Services Beyond Land

    CARP provided support services beyond land distribution, including credit assistance, extension services, infrastructure, marketing facilities, training, and technical support programs.

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    Transforming Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs)

    The DAR aimed to transform ARCs into rural economic zones by improving infrastructure, providing support services, and creating job opportunities in the countryside.

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    What are KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones?

    KAR Zones consisted of municipalities with a high concentration of ARC populations, designed to improve agro-productivity through focused programs.

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    Agrarian Justice Under Arroyo

    To address the backlog of agrarian cases, DAR aimed to hire more paralegal officers, implement a quota system to speed up adjudications, and ensure respect for the rights of both farmers and landowners.

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    DAR's Commitment to Farmers' Rights

    DAR emphasized respecting the rights of both farmers and landowners in agrarian reform initiatives.

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    President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's Role in Agrarian Reform

    President Arroyo oversaw the implementation of the agrarian reform program, focusing on achieving the vision of economic viability for Filipino families in the countryside.

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    Study Notes

    Social, Political, Economic, and Cultural Issues in the Philippines

    • The presentation focuses on social, political, economic, and cultural issues, specifically agrarian reform in the Philippines.

    Learning Objectives

    • Effectively communicate historical analysis of events.
    • Propose solutions to problems.
    • Analyze agrarian reform in the Philippines from a historical perspective.
    • Recognize current issues as consequences of past actions.
    • Create an infographic on the salient features of the Philippine Constitution.

    Agrarian Reform

    • Agrarian reform is the redistribution of land to landless farmers and farmworkers, and includes strategies such as profit-sharing, and the distribution of stock shares.
    • It's a comprehensive support program aiming to improve farmers' economic well-being.
    • A PIDS study indicates that households with individual land ownership awards (CLOAs) have higher earnings compared to those with collective CLOAs.

    Question: Problems Faced by Farmers Today

    • The presentation includes a slide asking about current farmer problems, suggesting the need to address them.

    Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

    • CARP (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program) redistributes agricultural lands to landless farmers and farm workers.
    • It's independent of tenure arrangements.

    CARP's Vision

    • CARP's vision is to ensure equitable land ownership and empowers agrarian reform beneficiaries for economic and social development, leading to better rural quality of life.

    Land Tenure Improvement

    • The Land Tenure Services (LTS) component of CARP aims to secure the tenurial status of farmers and farm workers in the land they till.

    Additional Information's

    • The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) provides support services to beneficiaries, including infrastructure, marketing, credit, and technical support programs.
    • The legal basis of CARP is Republic Act No. 6657 (CARL), enacted in 1988.
    • It aims to promote social justice and industrial development.

    History of Agrarian Reform (Pre-Spanish)

    • Before Spanish colonization, land ownership was commonly held by communities (barangays).

    History of Agrarian Reform (Spanish Period)

    • Spain introduced the encomienda system, shifting land ownership patterns toward private individuals.
    • The encomienda system was replaced by haciendas, concentrating land ownership.

    History of Agrarian Reform (First Philippine Republic)

    • Emilio Aguinaldo, during the First Philippine Republic (1899), intended to confiscate large estates, particularly Friar lands.
    • This plan, however, was not fully implemented due to the Republic's short lifespan.

    History of Agrarian Reform (American Period)

    • The Philippine Bill of 1902 set limits on the amount of land individuals and corporations could acquire.
    • The Land Registration Act of 1902 established the Torrens system for land titles.
    • The Public Land Act of 1903 introduced the homestead system.
    • The Tenancy Act of 1933 regulated relationships between landowners and tenants.
    • The Torrens system, despite its intent, failed to fully address some issues concerning land registration.

    History of Agrarian Reform (Commonwealth Period)

    • President Manuel L. Quezon and his Social Justice program aimed to curb social unrest in Central Luzon.
    • Laws were enacted during this time to address tenancy problems and address land pricing.

    History of Agrarian Reform (Japanese Occupation)

    • The Japanese occupation disrupted land ownership patterns through the rise of Hukbalahap (HUKBO NG BAYAN LABAN SA HAPON), affecting landlords, and introducing new land-related issues.

    History of Agrarian Reform (Philippine Republic)

    • After independence, land tenure issues remained prominent.
    • The Philippines revised tenancy laws during this period.
    • President Manuel A. Roxas enacted laws to establish 70-30 share arrangements and regulate share-tenancy contracts.
    • New laws were implemented to ensure tenant protection against arbitrary eviction.

    The Sharecropper Cycle of Poverty

    • Share-cropping patterns and practices led to cycles of debt and dependence for sharecroppers.
    • Poor sharecropper repayment practices frequently left farmers in debt, and tied to their plantations.
    • Some sharecroppers' limited knowledge and lack of negotiating power contributed to these cyclical issues.
    • Executive Order No. 355, issued in 1950, replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with the Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO).
    • LASEDECO handled the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production Administration.
    • Republic Act No. 1160 and 1199 addressed issues concerning agrarian reform and land distribution.
    • Continued President Magsaysay's agrarian reform initiatives, but no new legislation was introduced.
    • Enacted Republic Act No. 3844—the Agricultural Land Reform Code in 1963, which abolished share tenancy and institutionalized leasehold, set retention limits at 75 hectares, and granted tenant farmer pre-emption rights.
    • Introduced Proclamation No. 1081 related to Martial Law.
    • Implemented measures for land reforms and created a Land Tenure Administration.
    • Republic Act No. 6657 or CARL—Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law—became effective in June 1988, after previous issuances and consultation efforts.
    • Amended provisions in previous agrarian reform laws, and further strengthened implementation.
    • Introduced acts that regulated the type of lands that could be converted, and included provisions for the agriculture and fisheries industry.
    • Introduced Executive Order No. 151 and the MAGKASAKA program focusing on support services for farmers, especially in the area of agricultural productivity.
    • Implemented a vision focusing on economic viability for Filipino families, promoted new avenues in rural development.
    • Introduced support programs such as credit assistance, extension services, and appropriate installations within the agricultural sector.

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