Comprehension and Identifying Original Honey

Effective Comprehension

• Effective comprehension involves interpreting the message according to the circumstances or contexts that shape the writer's knowledge and the reader's experience.
• It is essential to know the sentence is an essential basic unit of meaning and therefore of comprehension.

Identifying Original Honey

• The traditional way to identify original honey is to see if it sinks to the bottom of a container when poured in water.
• Another way to identify original honey is to rub it on the head of a matchstick and set it ablaze; if it is real, it will catch fire immediately.

Reading Techniques

• To fully understand a sentence, a number of techniques can be adopted, including:
  • Analyzing the sentence for its focus or theme.
  • Identifying the main clause and subordinate clauses.
  • Identifying connectors and signal devices in the paragraph and indicating their meaning direction.

Bad Reading Habits

• Some bad reading habits can be eliminated when identified, including:
  • Moving the head from left to right while reading.
  • Pointing to words with fingers, a ruler, pencil, or pen while reading.
  • Whispering or vocalizing while reading.
  • Sub-vocalization, which slows down reading speed.
  • Regression, which involves glancing back and re-reading words, phrases, and sentences.

Effective Listening

• It is essential to differentiate between hearing and listening, as they are not interchangeable terms.
• Hearing is a natural and passive process, while listening is an active and deliberate process.
• The three basic steps in listening are hearing, understanding, and judging.
• Bad listening habits include:
  • Concluding that a speech is uninteresting before listening.
  • Mentally criticizing the speaker's manner of presentation or appearance.
• A good listener will take time to listen to a topic, even if it sounds uninteresting, and concentrate on the content of the message.

Speech Sounds

• Consonants are sounds in the production of which there is a total or partial blockage of the airstream at some point in the vocal tract.
• There are twenty-four consonants in English, comprising fifteen voiced and nine voiceless consonants.
• Voiced consonants are produced with the vibration of the vocal cords, while voiceless consonants are produced without such vibration.