Composition of Air and Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of air?

  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Nitrogen (correct)
  • Oxygen
  • Noble Gases

    • Carbon dioxide is a major component of air, making up 21% of its composition.

    False (B)

    What gas is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

    Oxygen

    The equation for respiration can be summarized as: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → _____ + _____

    <p>6CO₂ + 6H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the gas with its test:

    <p>Oxygen = Re-lights glowing splint Carbon Dioxide = Turns lime water milky Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator = Purple to yellow indicates CO₂ Starch test = Add iodine to boiled leaf</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color change indicates the presence of carbon dioxide in hydrogen carbonate indicator?

    <p>Purple to red to yellow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exhaled air contains more oxygen than inhaled air.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activities are contributing to increased CO₂ levels in the atmosphere?

    <p>Burning fossil fuels and clearing forests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In photosynthesis, light energy is absorbed by _____ to convert CO₂ and water into glucose.

    <p>chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant mentioned?

    <p>Hydrogen Sulfide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is the main component of air?

    Nitrogen makes up the largest portion of the air we breathe, approximately 78%.

    Oxygen

    Oxygen is essential for respiration, making up about 21% of the air.

    Carbon dioxide

    Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, making up a small percentage (0.04%) of the air.

    How to test for Oxygen?

    Oxygen supports burning and re-lights a glowing splint.

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    How to test for Carbon dioxide?

    Carbon dioxide turns lime water milky and makes hydrocarbonate indicator change from purple to yellow.

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    Photosynthesis

    Plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce food (glucose) and oxygen.

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    Equation for Photosynthesis

    The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂.

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    Respiration

    Respiration is the process where organisms break down food (glucose) using oxygen to release energy.

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    Equation for Respiration

    The chemical equation for respiration is: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.

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    Hydrogen Carbonate Indicator

    Hydrogen carbonate indicator changes color based on the concentration of carbon dioxide in a solution.

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    Study Notes

    Composition of Air

    • Air is composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and 0.9% noble gases.
    • Water vapor and other gases are also present in varying amounts.

    Testing for Gases

    • Oxygen: Supports burning; relights a glowing splint.
    • Carbon Dioxide: Supports burning, denser than air; turns a red-yellow litmus indicator to yellow, turns limewater from clear to milky.

    Breathing Mechanism

    • Breathing involves gas exchange in the lungs:
      • Inhaled air enters the blood in capillaries.
      • Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and exhaled.
      • Oxygen is absorbed by the blood and transported to the body.

    Respiration

    • Respiration is the process of breaking down glucose (food) to release energy.
      • Oxygen is needed and carbon dioxide is produced.
    • Respiration in cells involves controlled chemical reactions inside cells. Stored chemical energy in glucose is released.

    Photosynthesis

    • Plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (food) and release oxygen.
      • The process occurs in the presence of chlorophyll and involves chemical reactions within the plant cells.
    • Photosynthesis and respiration balance the carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in the environment.

    Effect of Pollutants

    • Exposure to pollutants like sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, and suspended particulates can cause irritation to the eyes, headache, breathing problems, and other health risks.
    • Air pollutants disrupt the balance in the atmosphere. The effects are a noticeable and harmful impact.
    • AQHI (Air Quality Health Index) tells the public about possible risks from air pollutants and suggests precautions.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the composition of air, the mechanisms of breathing, and the processes of respiration and photosynthesis. Understand how gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and how plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into energy. Test your knowledge on these essential biological concepts.

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