Composition and Functions of Blood

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Questions and Answers

How do skeletal muscles aid in the function of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems?

By producing hormones that regulate blood pressure and flow.
By compressing cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels, aiding in fluid movement. (correct)
By filtering waste products from the blood.
By directly stimulating the heart to increase cardiac output.

Which of the following is a primary function of the cardiovascular system's interaction with the digestive system?

Regulating the pH balance within the stomach.
Filtering toxins absorbed during digestion.
Delivering nutrients from the digestive system to the interstitial fluid. (correct)
Synthesizing digestive enzymes for nutrient breakdown.

How do the kidneys support the cardiovascular system?

By producing digestive enzymes that aid in nutrient absorption.
By regulating the acid-base and water-salt balances of the blood and interstitial fluid. (correct)
By filtering air and delivering oxygen to the blood.
By producing hormones that directly control heart rate and contractility.

What role does red bone marrow play in the interaction between the skeletal and cardiovascular systems?

It produces blood cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does smooth muscle in blood vessel walls contribute to the function of the cardiovascular system?

By contracting or relaxing to change vessel diameter, helping maintain correct blood pressure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in blood clotting after a blood vessel is punctured?

Vessel Puncture, platelet congregation, prothrombin activator release, fibrin thread formation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be observed in this patient?

Excessive bleeding due to insufficient platelet count. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A thrombus that detaches from its original site and travels through the bloodstream is called what?

Embolism (B) Signup and view all the answers

A blockage in the lymphatic vessels would MOST directly interfere with which of the following processes?

Return of interstitial fluid to the cardiovascular system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following genetic conditions results in the deficiency of a clotting factor, leading to an inability to form blood clots effectively?

Hemophilia A (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the muscular and cardiovascular systems interact to maintain blood pressure during exercise?

Cardiac muscle increases heart rate, while smooth muscle in blood vessels adjusts vessel diameter. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to determine blood types before performing a blood transfusion?

To prevent agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells in the recipient. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has kidney failure and is not producing erythropoietin, what is the MOST likely consequence?

Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A person with type A blood has which of the following characteristics?

Type A surface antigens on red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a person with type O blood considered a universal donor?

Because their red blood cells lack A and B antigens. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a direct interaction between the skeletal and cardiovascular systems that is essential for maintaining homeostasis?

Bones contribute calcium ions for blood clotting, and red bone marrow produces blood cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do the cardiovascular and urinary systems work together to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the body?

The kidneys filter blood and regulate its composition, while the heart ensures adequate blood flow to the kidneys. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering RhoGAM to an Rh-negative pregnant woman?

To prevent the development of anti-Rh antibodies in the mother. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?

Production of hormones (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood comprises the largest percentage of its volume?

Plasma (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which plasma protein is most abundant and contributes significantly to the osmotic pressure of blood?

Albumins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

Transporting oxygen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the production of red blood cells primarily occur?

Red bone marrow (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of erythropoietin in red blood cell production?

It stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following anemias results from a genetic defect affecting hemoglobin structure?

Sickle-cell anemia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of white blood cell is the most abundant and acts as the first responder to infection by engulfing pathogens?

Neutrophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formed elements is NOT a true cell?

Thrombocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Vitamin K in blood clotting?

It is necessary for the formation of prothrombin. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following white blood cells releases histamine and plays a significant role in allergic reactions?

Basophils (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

As bicarbonate ion in plasma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the biconcave shape of red blood cells?

It increases their surface area for gas exchange. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from the Epstein-Barr virus infecting lymphocytes?

Infectious mononucleosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders involves the proliferation of white blood cells without control?

Leukemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's red blood cell count is abnormally low, and their kidneys are functioning properly, what compensatory mechanism would the body likely employ?

Increased erythropoietin secretion to stimulate red blood cell production. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the unique biconcave shape of erythrocytes contribute to their function?

It increases the surface area for gas exchange aiding in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of Vitamin K in blood clotting?

It is necessary for the formation of prothrombin, a key clotting factor. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with fatigue, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely cause?

Infectious mononucleosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

After an injury, the body initiates a cascade of events to form a blood clot. What is the PRIMARY role of platelets in this process?

To aggregate at the site of injury and initiate the clotting process. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a parasitic infection would likely have an elevated number of which type of white blood cell?

Eosinophils (B) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the rate of oxygen transport in blood. Which of the following factors would MOST directly increase the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin?

Increased red blood cell count (C) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's liver is severely damaged, which of the following blood-related functions would be MOST directly affected?

Production of plasma proteins (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why might long-term use of certain antihistamines (drugs that block histamine release) lead to impaired wound healing?

Because basophils promotes inflammation, helping attract immune cells to the wound. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. Which of the following would be the MOST effective long-term treatment?

Increasing dietary intake of iron-rich foods or taking iron supplements. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does carbon dioxide get transported in the blood?

It can be transported dissolved in plasma, bound to hemoglobin, or as bicarbonate ions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does osmotic pressure relate to plasma proteins?

Plasma proteins increase osmotic pressure in the blood, preventing fluid loss to tissues. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of albumin?

Transporting molecules in the blood. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What would happen if there were no megakaryocytes in the red bone marrow?

Impaired blood clotting. (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is undergoing cancer treatment and experiences a severely reduced white blood cell count. This condition is MOST likely to directly impair which of the following functions?

Defense against infection. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between neurons and neuroglia?

Neuroglia outnumber neurons and primarily support and nourish neurons. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the structure of simple squamous epithelium relate to its function in the lungs?

Its flattened, single-cell layer facilitates gas exchange. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the structure and function of different epithelial tissues, where would you most likely find transitional epithelium?

Lining the urinary bladder to accommodate changes in volume. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options best explains the functional difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Exocrine glands have ducts and secrete substances onto surfaces, while endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do the anatomical terms 'proximal' and 'distal' relate to the human body?

'Proximal' indicates closer to the trunk, while 'distal' means farther from the trunk, usually referring to appendages. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the organization of body cavities, which cavity houses the lungs and heart?

The thoracic cavity (D) Signup and view all the answers

Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid, which is critical for the function of which structures?

Freely movable joints. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of keratinocytes in the epidermis?

Forming a waterproof barrier. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does melanin contribute to the function of the integumentary system?

It protects the skin from UV light and determines skin color. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of arrector pili muscles?

Causing goosebumps by contracting and pulling hair follicles upright. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the homeostatic control mechanism detects changes in the internal environment?

The sensor (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately contrasts negative and positive feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis?

Negative feedback reverses the original stimulus to maintain stability, while positive feedback enhances the original stimulus. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Considering the role of the subcutaneous layer, what are its primary functions?

Storing energy, providing insulation, and protecting underlying tissues. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of mucous membranes?

Lining tubes that open to the outside and secreting mucus. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How would damage to the stem cells of the epidermis affect the skin?

The skin would require replacement through grafting. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Thrombocytopenia

A disorder with too few platelets, leading to excess bleeding.

Thromboembolism

A thrombus that travels and blocks another vessel.