Composite Materials and Their Processing
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Which of the following is NOT a typical application of glass fibre-reinforced plastics?

  • Boat hulls
  • Truck cabins
  • Aircraft fittings
  • Racing car disk brakes (correct)

    • What composite material is specifically used for the nose cone and leading edge of missiles?

  • Aramid fibre-Phenolic resin
  • Glass fibre-reinforced epoxy
  • Metal-matrix composites
  • C-C Composites (correct)

    • Which of the following materials is used to reinforce automobile tyres for added strength?

  • Bismaleimide resin
  • Graphite
  • Nylon (correct)
  • Boron fibre

    • What is the trade name given to the organic aramid fibre known for its high tensile strength?

    <p>Kevlar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of metal-matrix composites (MMC) compared to organic-matrix composites?

    <p>Improved thermal and electrical conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component made with graphite fibre-reinforced epoxy in fighter planes?

    <p>Engine access doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibre is mixed with molten metal to create metal-matrix composites?

    <p>Graphite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of heating the dies in the moulding process?

    <p>To complete the curing of the product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is specifically used for molding BMCs?

    <p>Compression moulding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is primarily used for reinforcement in Reaction Injection Moulding?

    <p>Flake glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the pultrusion process?

    <p>Resin-impregnated roving is extruded to create constant cross-section shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Resin Transfer Moulding, what role do the injection points serve?

    <p>To introduce resin into the die cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of prepregs?

    <p>They are materials preimpregnated with resin for moulding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics do SMCs exhibit that make them suitable for replacing sheet metal?

    <p>Low weight, corrosion resistance, and integral colour.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the Hand Lay-up technique?

    <p>Successive layers of reinforcement are positioned by hand on a mould.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Bulk Moulding Compounds primarily known for?

    <p>Being thermosetting resins mixed with chopped reinforcements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Thick Moulding Compounds (TMC)?

    <p>They combine low cost with high strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of product is the Open - Mould Process primarily utilized?

    <p>Reinforced parts requiring only one mould.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bag Moulding primarily used for?

    <p>Moulding reinforced plastic composites with a flexible cover.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves curing resin at room temperature or with added heat?

    <p>Hand Lay-up technique.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are SMCs made from?

    <p>Chopped fibres and resin in sheet form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do hybrid reinforced composites typically have over single fibre reinforced composites?

    <p>Better properties including low weight and toughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what arrangement are interply reinforcing fibres positioned?

    <p>Alternating layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcing fibre arrangement in hybrid composites?

    <p>Stitched random layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary material used in the most common laminar composite?

    <p>Wood veneer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the low-density core in sandwich materials?

    <p>To reduce overall weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application commonly uses bimetallic strips?

    <p>Thermostats and heat sensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term 'selected layup' in hybrid composites?

    <p>Use of costlier fibre where necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does interply knitting serve in hybrid reinforced composites?

    <p>It reinforces the materials due to stitching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hybrid composites?

    <p>High manufacturing complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of vitreous coatings applied to steel?

    <p>They offer absolute protection against corrosion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a ceramic coating on metal?

    <p>Vitreous enamel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glazing on ceramics?

    <p>To protect from moisture absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following coatings is commonly used as wire insulation?

    <p>Polymer coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fabrication process is not typically associated with fibre-reinforced composites?

    <p>Casting into a solid mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gives an example of a particulate composite fabrication method?

    <p>Slurry introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of coatings are typically used on beverage cans?

    <p>Organic coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these factors influences the fabrication techniques for fibre-reinforced composites?

    <p>Fibres' size, form, and orientation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of coatings such as TiC and TiN on metals?

    <p>They increase cutting tool longevity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coating serves to improve the appearance of base metals?

    <p>Organic coatings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using low pressure in Resin-Transfer Moulding?

    <p>It reduces the cost of tooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pultrusion, what is primarily extruded?

    <p>Resin-impregnated roving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is increasingly used for BMCs by mixing reinforcement with resin before it is injected?

    <p>Reaction Injection Moulding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of SMCs during processing?

    <p>Curing takes place outside of the press</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of breather holes in the die during the Resin-Transfer Moulding process?

    <p>To allow trapped air to escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which matrix materials can be used with glass fibre-reinforced plastics?

    <p>Vinylester and Phenolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Kevlar makes it particularly useful for military applications?

    <p>Flame retardant properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for using metal-matrix composites (MMC) over organic-matrix composites?

    <p>Higher strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of carbon-carbon (C-C) composites?

    <p>Space shuttle components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which aspect do aramid fibre-Phenolic resin matrix composites excel?

    <p>Tensile strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits of using graphite fibre-reinforced epoxy in fighter planes?

    <p>Increased aerodynamic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is common to rubber reinforced with fibres for automobile tyres?

    <p>Enhanced durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an autoclave in composite material processing?

    <p>To induce resin cure under heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vacuum-bag moulding, what is the role of the flexible, transparent sheet?

    <p>To mechanically work out entrapped air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method uses compressed air to apply pressure during the curing phase?

    <p>Pressure-bag moulding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is described as a low-cost method for fabricating medium strength composite structures?

    <p>Spray-up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of matched-die moulding?

    <p>Best surface quality and close tolerances for large productions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'chopped roving fibre' refer to in the context of the spray-up technique?

    <p>Short strands of fibre introduced into the resin stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of materials made using the open-mould techniques?

    <p>It is versatile for various applications such as boats and ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to achieve proper curing in vacuum-bag moulding?

    <p>Sealing edges tight and establishing a vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key factor influences the selection of fabrication techniques for fibre-reinforced composites?

    <p>The required volume and surface finish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key advantage of hybrid reinforced composites over single fibre reinforced composites?

    <p>Increased toughness and impact resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods refers to reinforcing fibres that are positioned in alternating layers?

    <p>Interply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which application are hybrid composites NOT typically used?

    <p>Medical imaging devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'selected layup' indicate in the context of hybrid composites?

    <p>Utilization of expensive fibres only in critical areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the structure of laminates or laminar composites?

    <p>Composed of alternate layers of bonded different materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of hybrid composites, what does 'intraply' refer to?

    <p>Multiple types of fibres are mixed within the same layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the core in sandwich materials is correct?

    <p>The core provides low density between high strength surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are commonly used as cores in sandwich materials?

    <p>Polymer foam or honeycomb structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with hybrid composites?

    <p>Uniform performance across all applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common example of a laminar composite?

    <p>Plywood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of composite is typically reinforced with aluminium oxide for automotive applications?

    <p>Metal-matrix composites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of ceramic-matrix composites regarding their temperature performance?

    <p>They can resist temperatures up to 1700°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composite material is used for making jet-engine fan blades due to its high strength?

    <p>Boron fibre in titanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which composite is reported to be 15 times stronger than current intermetallic alloys at high temperatures?

    <p>SiC-reinforced molybdenum disilicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which application are graphite fibres in magnesium matrix specifically utilized?

    <p>Space and satellite structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of materials are typically used in ceramic matrix composites?

    <p>Al2O3, SiC, Si3N4, and mullite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of advanced material did Toyota utilize for automotive engine components?

    <p>Hybrid metal matrix composites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of composites are currently in a development stage that includes advanced bismaleimide resin?

    <p>Polymer matrix composites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common application for SiC reinforced superalloys?

    <p>High-temperature engine components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Composite Materials and Their Processing

    • Composite materials combine two or more materials to create a material with improved properties. They are used in various applications, like aerospace, automobiles, and sporting goods.

    Types of Composite Materials

    • Fibre-reinforced composites use strong fibres (like carbon, glass, or aramid fibres) embedded in a matrix material (like polymers, metals, or ceramics). Continuous fibres are longer, while discontinuous fibres are shorter. They are aligned or randomly oriented. Different fibre arrangements (continuous and aligned, discontinuous and aligned, continuous and randomly oriented) affect the properties.

    • Particulate composites incorporate small particles of one material dispersed in a matrix. Examples include concrete and asphalt.

    • Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) combine strong fibres within a metal matrix, providing high strength and stiffness, especially at high temperatures. Examples include aluminum, titanium, or nickel reinforced with silicon carbide or boron fibres. MMCs are often used in high-temperature applications (e.g., engine components).

    Fabrication Techniques

    • Open mould techniques: Lay-up and bag moulding are methods where reinforcing materials are laid into a mould and saturated with resin, then cured. Open mould techniques are often used with prepreg materials.

    • Matched-die moulding: Uses two moulds for high-quality parts, often for mass production of components with tighter tolerances.

    • Compression moulding: Used for producing composite parts with precise shapes, especially for parts needing high dimensional accuracy.

    • Pultrusion: Extrudes a resin-impregnated fibre bundle into a final shape. It's a continuous process ideal for producing long components.

    • Filament winding: Wraps continuous filaments around a rotating mandrel to create a reinforced composite part. Useful for creating shapes like cylinders and spheres.

    • Laminating: Stacking layers of materials (like wood veneer or plastic sheets) to create a composite structure. It's a common method for creating flat or layered components.

    • Sandwich panels: Layers of material, one or more layers of core material sandwiched between thin layers of sheet material. It combines high strength with low weight.

    Composite Properties and Applications

    • High strength-to-weight ratio: Often stronger and lighter than conventional materials, suitable for aerospace and automotive applications.

    • Toughness and stiffness: Some composites exhibit resilience and resistance to deformation.

    • High temperature resistance: Some composite materials withstand extreme heat conditions. Useful for high-temperature environments, like jet engines.

    • Corrosion resistance: Some composites resist corrosion.

    • Electrical or thermal insulation: Some composite materials are resistant to heat and electricity.

    • Specific application: Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) used in boat hulls, sporting goods, and automotive parts. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) used in aircraft parts and high-performance sports equipment. Rubber-based composites are used in tyres, to enhance strength and durability. Examples like graphite fibre-reinforced epoxy, are used in aircraft and rocket components. Reinforced concrete (steel rods in concrete) is a classic example of a reinforced material. There are many different composite material combinations.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of composite materials and their diverse applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. This quiz delves into the types of composites, including fibre-reinforced, particulate, and metal-matrix composites, as well as the various fabrication techniques used to create them.

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