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Questions and Answers
What are the two components of Critical Thinking according to the text?
What are the two components of Critical Thinking according to the text?
According to Brookfield, what is a key aspect of Critical Thinking?
According to Brookfield, what is a key aspect of Critical Thinking?
What attitude does Stuart Mill describe in relation to Critical Thinking?
What attitude does Stuart Mill describe in relation to Critical Thinking?
Which term is defined as 'characterized by authoritative, arrogant assertion of approved principles'?
Which term is defined as 'characterized by authoritative, arrogant assertion of approved principles'?
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What does Todd & Schultz suggest about an open-minded individual in terms of Critical Thinking?
What does Todd & Schultz suggest about an open-minded individual in terms of Critical Thinking?
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What is the role of skepticism in Critical Thinking according to the text?
What is the role of skepticism in Critical Thinking according to the text?
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What are the characteristics of critical thinkers according to the text?
What are the characteristics of critical thinkers according to the text?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to developing solutions and analyzing actions?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to developing solutions and analyzing actions?
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Why is it mentioned that man's senses are limited in the text?
Why is it mentioned that man's senses are limited in the text?
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What is Apophenia as described in the text?
What is Apophenia as described in the text?
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Which condition hinders critical thinking by causing individuals to see patterns that are not there?
Which condition hinders critical thinking by causing individuals to see patterns that are not there?
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What differentiates a person who is better at supporting beliefs and actions with good reasons according to the text?
What differentiates a person who is better at supporting beliefs and actions with good reasons according to the text?
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What does the term 'dogmatic' refer to in the context of critical thinking attitudes?
What does the term 'dogmatic' refer to in the context of critical thinking attitudes?
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Which attitude involves acting with emotional involvement and objectivity simultaneously in critical thinking?
Which attitude involves acting with emotional involvement and objectivity simultaneously in critical thinking?
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What is the basic principle behind the 'Intellectual Sense of Justice' in critical thinking attitudes?
What is the basic principle behind the 'Intellectual Sense of Justice' in critical thinking attitudes?
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Which attitude of a critical thinker involves showing patience and readiness for frustrations?
Which attitude of a critical thinker involves showing patience and readiness for frustrations?
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In critical thinking, what does 'intellectual courage' primarily enable a thinker to do?
In critical thinking, what does 'intellectual courage' primarily enable a thinker to do?
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'Faith in Reason' in critical thinking is synonymous with being faithful to which aspect?
'Faith in Reason' in critical thinking is synonymous with being faithful to which aspect?
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Study Notes
Components of Critical Thinking
- Critical thinking consists of two components: context of discovery and context of justification.
Critical Thinking as a Concept
By Bell
- Critical thinking is developed through debates, which involve analyzing problems, finding evidence, constructing a case, organizing information, planning, refutation, and rebuttal.
By Brookfield
- Critical thinking does not solely involve cognitive skills, but also the role of emotion.
- It is a dynamic process that questions assumptions, whether right or wrong.
Attitudes of Critical Thinkers
By Nelson Goodman
- Critical thinkers have a broad mind and work hard.
By Stuart Mill
- Both teachers and learners can become complacent when there is no challenge or opposition.
By Needleman
- Being open-minded does not mean being so receptive that one's brain falls out.
Definitions
- Dogmatic: characterized by authoritative, arrogant assertion of approved principles.
- Gullible: easily deceived or cheated.
- Open-Minded: showing a mind receptive to new ideas or arguments, unprejudiced, unbigoted, and impartial.
- Skepticism: a doubting or questioning attitude or state of mind.
Attitudes of Critical Thinkers
By Todd & Schultz
- Open-Mindedness:
- Aware of positive and negative sides of a proposal.
- Accept the fact of varying viewpoints.
- Accept that one's own views may be wrong.
- Skepticism:
- Questions raised are vital, relevant, precise, and clear.
Characteristics of Critical Thinkers
- Decisions can be explained by good reasons.
- Consider others' biases and presumptions with an open mind when answering conflicts.
- Factors that could develop solutions and analyze solutions:
- Judgement based on cognitive and affective skills.
- Personal intuitions.
- Past experiences.
Conditions that Hinder Critical Thinking
- Apophenia: a mental phenomenon in which the individual sees patterns and relates them to a particular concept or principle.
- Pareidolia.
- Autokinetic Effect.
- Hypersensory perception.
- Intellectual blindness.
Intellectual Virtues
- Intellectual sense of justice: validating a claim based on evidence, not on personal opinions or feelings.
- Faith in reason: being faithful to one's cognitive skills to deliver favorable results.
- Intellectual perseverance: being patient and prepared for frustrations and discouragement.
- Intellectual integrity: judging all situations fairly, regardless of personal biases.
- Intellectual empathy: involving emotional and objective involvement.
- Intellectual courage: possessing the right attitude to accept different possibilities, such as challenges, trials, and even humiliation.
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Description
Explore the components and concepts of critical thinking through the perspectives of Bell and Brookfield. Learn about the context of discovery, context of justification, the role of debates, cognitive skills, and emotions.
