Cardiac 4 Information
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)?

  • Asymptomatic condition with chest palpitations and anxiety as symptoms (correct)
  • Complete closure of the mitral valve resulting in blood flow restriction
  • Forward flow of blood due to a stiffened mitral valve
  • Out pouching of the mitral valve into the left ventricle

    • Which type of valve disorder is defined as incompetent valve closure where blood flows backwards?

  • Aortic Valve Regurgitation
  • Mitral Valve Stenosis
  • Mitral Valve Regurgitation (correct)
  • Mitral Valve Prolapse

    • How does Mitral Valve Prolapse differ from Mitral Valve Stenosis?

  • MVP leads to stiffening of the valve, while Stenosis causes outpouching into the atrium
  • MVP involves an incomplete valve closure, while Stenosis prevents the valve from opening completely (correct)
  • MVP is mostly asymptomatic, while Stenosis presents with chest palpitations and anxiety
  • MVP results in reduced blood flow, while Stenosis involves a backward flow of blood

    • Why is it important for patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse to report any new symptoms?

    <p>To detect any worsening of the condition or development of complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle changes should be emphasized for patients with Mitral Valve Regurgitation?

    <p>Eating a diet low in sodium and monitoring caffeine intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of alcohol septal ablation?

    <p>Ventricular arrhythmias if shrunken too much and hits left bundle branch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Stiff and rigid walls of the ventricles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tool is essential for ruling out a myocardial infarction during the evaluation of cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Echocardiogram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary medical management priority for Thoracic Aneurysm patients?

    <p>Maintain &amp; control systolic blood pressure (100-120mmHg) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common presentation of a dissecting thoracic aneurysm?

    <p>Intense back pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surgical procedure involves taking tissue out and placing it into the Left Ventricle (LV) for Cardiomyopathy management?

    <p>Left ventricular outflow tract procedure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of mitral valve stenosis?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve disorder involves backflow of blood from the aorta to the left ventricle?

    <p>Aortic Valve Regurgitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main treatment for aortic valve stenosis?

    <p>Aortic valve replacement &amp; repair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom of those with aortic valve regurgitation?

    <p>Asymptomatic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of alcohol septal ablation in treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Reduces heart muscle thickening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition has the worst case scenario if the patient develops atrial fibrillation alongside it?

    <p>Mitral Valve Regurgitation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the important electrolyte to monitor in patients with cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Sodium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended range for measuring the lumbar drain post-operatively to prevent neuro deficits?

    <p>10-15 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a nurse identify a potential issue with the endovascular graft repair post-operatively?

    <p>Discoloration in buttocks and lower extremities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of an abdominal aortic aneurysm, what symptom might a patient present with if it ruptures?

    <p>Intense back pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended systolic blood pressure range for medical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Systolic less than 100-120 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would indicate a potential complication after endograft repair for AAA?

    <p>Fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient has left main disease, which procedure would they likely undergo?

    <p>Coronary Artery Bypass Graph (CABG) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vessels are commonly used for Coronary Artery Bypass Graph (CABG)?

    <p>Radial artery and saphenous veins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Off Pump Bypass' refers to what type of surgical approach for coronary artery bypass graft surgery?

    <p>Surgery done without the use of a heart-lung machine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Valvuloplasty' typically involves which action in valve repair procedures?

    <p>'Closed' repair technique using balloons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mechanical Valve' replacements require what ongoing treatment post-surgery?

    <p>'Blood thinners' for anticoagulation therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of conducting a heart transplant?

    <p>Nerve that senses chest pain can be cut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom might indicate a ruptured dissecting aneurysm?

    <p>Low hemoglobin levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main management priority for patients with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?

    <p>Control of dysrhythmias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key diagnostic procedure for differentiating Cardiomyopathy from myocardial infarction?

    <p>Bedside echo examination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with Thoracic Aneurysm, what is the most dangerous issue associated with larger aneurysms?

    <p>Rupture or dissection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature is indicative of possible Ventricular arrhythmias post alcohol septal ablation?

    <p><strong>S3,S4</strong> sounds on auscultation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Valve Regurgitation?

    <p>Backwards flow of blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Mitral Valve Prolapse when it causes noticeable issues?

    <p>Palpitations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valve disorder is characterized by blood not flowing properly due to the valve's inability to open fully?

    <p>Stenosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle factor should patients with Mitral Valve Prolapse be particularly cautious about according to the text?

    <p>Caffeine consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Mitral Valve Regurgitation, as described in the text?

    <p>Incompetent valve closure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient with Mitral Valve Prolapse experiences chest palpitations and anxiety, what action should they take?

    <p>Reduce caffeine intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Mitral Valve Prolapse?

    <p>Outpouching of the valve into the left atrium, usually asymptomatic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lifestyle modification is NOT typically recommended for patients with Mitral Valve Regurgitation?

    <p>'Increasing alcohol consumption' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mitral Valve Prolapsing' primarily refers to what happening with the valve?

    <p>'Outpouching' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mitral Valve Regurgitation' results in what happening due to an incompetent valve closure?

    <p>'Backwards flow of blood' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of aortic valve stenosis?

    <p>Right-sided heart failure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for mitral valve regurgitation aimed at reducing?

    <p>Afterload (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mitral valve stenosis, what can be a consequence of blood flow obstruction from the left atrium into the left ventricle?

    <p>Pulmonary hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of aortic valve regurgitation that differentiates it from other valvular disorders?

    <p>Wide pulse pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the worst-case scenario for a patient with aortic valve regurgitation if they develop atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Catastrophic due to low CO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cardiomyopathy is characterized by thickening of the septum and left ventricle?

    <p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electrolyte of importance to monitor in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

    <p><strong>Sodium</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of dilated cardiomyopathy?

    <p><strong>Enlarged heart chambers</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol septal ablation is used to treat which type of cardiomyopathy?

    <p><strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most deadly complication of aortic valve regurgitation?

    <p>Heart failure due to LV dilation and hypertrophy from inflamed valves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential post-operative complication of endograft repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Arterial embolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom post-operatively in a patient with thoracic aneurysm graft repair would indicate a possible graft shift or movement?

    <p>Discoloration in buttocks and lower extremities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), which condition is diagnosed with a computed tomography angiography (CTA)?

    <p>Aortic dissection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of medical management for an asymptomatic AAA?

    <p>Control blood pressure below 120/80 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of a lumbar drain following endovascular graft repair for a thoracic aneurysm?

    <p>Monitor cerebrospinal fluid pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of post-implantation syndrome following endograft repair for AAA?

    <p>Fevers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of thoracic aneurysm repair, what is the recommended range for measuring lumbar drain pressure post-operatively to prevent neuro deficits?

    <p>$10-15$ mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

     What can be inferred if a patient presents with intense back pain in the context of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)?

    <p>AAA has caused compression on spinal nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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