Complexity: William Paley vs Evolution of Complex Adaptations
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe when the hereditary material consists of discrete particles (genes)?

  • Principle of Segregation (correct)
  • Principle of Dominance
  • Dihybrid Cross
  • Monohybrid Cross

What is the term used to describe when a plant has the same alleles for a particular trait?

  • Dominant
  • Recessive
  • Homozygous (correct)
  • Heterozygous

What ratio did Mendel observe in the second generation (F2) of the monohybrid cross?

  • 9:3:3:1
  • 1:1
  • 2:1
  • 3:1 (correct)

What did Mendel realize about how a plant passes its genes to its offspring?

<p>The plant passes on one of its two alleles for each trait to its offspring, like a coin flip. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a trait that is expressed phenotypically?

<p>Dominant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a trait that is not expressed phenotypically, but can still be passed down?

<p>Recessive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the generation of new biological variability?

<p>Mutation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the alteration in the phenotypic expression of genes without changing the DNA structure?

<p>Hidden variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who conducted systematic experiments on garden peas between 1856-63?

<p>Gregor Mendel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic unit of heredity?

<p>Gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes variants of a gene?

<p>Alleles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mendel's experiments, what were cultivated to study the results of crosses?

<p>True breeding lines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes Mendelian inheritance?

<p>There are only two possible alleles for a gene. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Mendelian inheritance, how are genotype and phenotype related?

<p>Genotype directly determines phenotype. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder that follows Mendelian inheritance?

<p>Cystic fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many alleles are there typically for a gene in a Mendelian inheritance pattern?

<p>Two (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis for the diversity of phenotypes observed in individuals according to Mendelian inheritance?

<p>Both genetic makeup and environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains why human genetic variation is typically more complex than simple Mendelian inheritance?

<p>Variation in allele frequencies among populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument presented by William Paley regarding the existence of complex adaptations?

<p>Complex adaptations, such as a watch, demand an explanation in terms of design, while simpler objects, like stones, can be explained by physical processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement "what good is 5% of an eye?" in the context of the evolution of complex adaptations?

<p>It highlights the problem of irreducible complexity, where intermediate stages of complex adaptations may not be beneficial. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of new biological variation upon which natural selection acts?

<p>Random mutations that generate both continuous and discontinuous variations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement "Natural selection is not equivalent to 'random chance'" in the context of the evolution of complex adaptations?

<p>It highlights that natural selection is a non-random process that acts on the random variations generated by mutations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the problems Darwin could not solve regarding the evolution of complex adaptations?

<p>How natural selection can extend the range of variation beyond existing limits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Mendel's work on particulate inheritance?

<p>It offered a system for the inheritance of biological information, addressing Darwin's question about trait inheritance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle of independent assortment?

<p>The segregation of one pair of alleles does not affect the segregation of alleles for other traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation for the dihybrid cross described in the text?

<p>9 Round, Yellow : 3 Round, Green : 3 Wrinkled, Yellow : 1 Wrinkled, Green (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotypic ratio of the F1 generation for the dihybrid cross described in the text?

<p>1 RRYY : 2 RRYy : 1 RRyy : 2 RrYY : 4 RrYy : 2 Rryy : 1 rrYY : 2 rrYy : 1 rryy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the probability of an offspring from the F1 generation having the phenotype Wrinkled, Green?

<p>1/4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genotype of the gametes produced by the F1 generation?

<p>RY, Ry, rY, ry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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