29 Questions
What is the term used to describe when the hereditary material consists of discrete particles (genes)?
Principle of Segregation
What is the term used to describe when a plant has the same alleles for a particular trait?
Homozygous
What ratio did Mendel observe in the second generation (F2) of the monohybrid cross?
3:1
What did Mendel realize about how a plant passes its genes to its offspring?
The plant passes on one of its two alleles for each trait to its offspring, like a coin flip.
What is the term used to describe a trait that is expressed phenotypically?
Dominant
What is the term used to describe a trait that is not expressed phenotypically, but can still be passed down?
Recessive
What is the term used to describe the generation of new biological variability?
Mutation
Which term refers to the alteration in the phenotypic expression of genes without changing the DNA structure?
Hidden variation
Who conducted systematic experiments on garden peas between 1856-63?
Gregor Mendel
What is the basic unit of heredity?
Gene
What term describes variants of a gene?
Alleles
In Mendel's experiments, what were cultivated to study the results of crosses?
True breeding lines
Which statement best describes Mendelian inheritance?
There are only two possible alleles for a gene.
In Mendelian inheritance, how are genotype and phenotype related?
Genotype directly determines phenotype.
Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder that follows Mendelian inheritance?
Cystic fibrosis
How many alleles are there typically for a gene in a Mendelian inheritance pattern?
Two
What is the basis for the diversity of phenotypes observed in individuals according to Mendelian inheritance?
Both genetic makeup and environmental factors
Which of the following best explains why human genetic variation is typically more complex than simple Mendelian inheritance?
Variation in allele frequencies among populations
What is the main argument presented by William Paley regarding the existence of complex adaptations?
Complex adaptations, such as a watch, demand an explanation in terms of design, while simpler objects, like stones, can be explained by physical processes.
What is the significance of the statement "what good is 5% of an eye?" in the context of the evolution of complex adaptations?
It highlights the problem of irreducible complexity, where intermediate stages of complex adaptations may not be beneficial.
What is the source of new biological variation upon which natural selection acts?
Random mutations that generate both continuous and discontinuous variations.
What is the significance of the statement "Natural selection is not equivalent to 'random chance'" in the context of the evolution of complex adaptations?
It highlights that natural selection is a non-random process that acts on the random variations generated by mutations.
What was one of the problems Darwin could not solve regarding the evolution of complex adaptations?
How natural selection can extend the range of variation beyond existing limits.
What was the significance of Mendel's work on particulate inheritance?
It offered a system for the inheritance of biological information, addressing Darwin's question about trait inheritance.
What is the principle of independent assortment?
The segregation of one pair of alleles does not affect the segregation of alleles for other traits.
What is the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation for the dihybrid cross described in the text?
9 Round, Yellow : 3 Round, Green : 3 Wrinkled, Yellow : 1 Wrinkled, Green
What is the genotypic ratio of the F1 generation for the dihybrid cross described in the text?
1 RRYY : 2 RRYy : 1 RRyy : 2 RrYY : 4 RrYy : 2 Rryy : 1 rrYY : 2 rrYy : 1 rryy
What is the probability of an offspring from the F1 generation having the phenotype Wrinkled, Green?
1/4
What is the genotype of the gametes produced by the F1 generation?
RY, Ry, rY, ry
Explore the contrasting viewpoints of William Paley's argument about complexity in design versus the evolution of complex adaptations. Learn about the source of new variations, types of variations, and the process of continuous and discontinuous evolution.
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