Complete Blood Count (CBC) Overview
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Complete Blood Count (CBC) Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) measure?

  • The average volume of a red blood cell (correct)
  • The total hemoglobin content in the blood
  • The concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells
  • The total number of red blood cells in the blood

    • Which of the following conditions is associated with a low MCV?

  • Iron deficiency anemia (correct)
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • Renal failure
  • Chronic disease

    • What is the normal range for Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)?

  • 31-35 pg
  • 25-27 pg
  • 27-31 pg (correct)
  • 20-25 pg

    • What is the normal hemoglobin concentration range for adult males?

    <p>16 ± 2 gm/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) calculated?

    <p>Hb content (g/100 ml) x 100 / Hct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes leukopenia?

    <p>Decreased WBCs count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reagent is used to oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin in the cyanmethemoglobin method?

    <p>Potassium ferricyanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal reference range for hemoglobin in adult females?

    <p>11.5-15.5 g/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thrombocytosis refer to?

    <p>High platelet count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the hemoglobin concentration calculated using the absorbance measurements?

    <p>Absorbance of Test / Absorbance of Standard x Conc. of Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hemoglobin concentration for infants at birth?

    <p>18 gm/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of thrombocytopenia?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is used to assess hemoglobin concentration?

    <p>Cyanmethemoglobin method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood sample is required for measuring hemoglobin concentration?

    <p>Capillary or venous blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte is most abundant in healthy adults?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by a hematocrit value below the normal range?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of a complete blood count (CBC)?

    <p>Diagnose respiratory infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of allowing the mixture to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes?

    <p>To stabilize the color of the complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absorbance of the test sample if the hemoglobin concentration is 20 and the absorbance of the standard is 2?

    <p>1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a high platelet count indicate?

    <p>Thrombocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily responsible for fighting bacterial infections and is usually found in increased numbers during infection?

    <p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the stable colored complex formed in the cyanmethemoglobin method?

    <p>Cyanmethemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does relative monocytosis indicate in a complete blood count?

    <p>Increased monocyte count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biological reference range for red blood cell count in adult males?

    <p>5.0-5.5 million/mm³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate Hematocrit (Hct)?

    <p>Hct = (Volume of RBCs / Volume of Blood) x 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for measuring Hematocrit?

    <p>Spectrophotometric method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal Hematocrit value for adult females?

    <p>42%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is true?

    <p>A high RDW indicates more variability in red blood cell volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of measuring Hematocrit levels?

    <p>To determine the type of anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the microhematocrit method, which of the following is a key step?

    <p>The open end of the tube is sealed with plasticine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Red Cell Index provides information on the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells?

    <p>Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may cause an increased RDW?

    <p>Iron deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Complete Blood Count (CBC)

    • A CBC blood test is used to monitor or diagnose health conditions, including blood cancers, anemia, and infections.
    • CBC can also follow the progress of medical conditions and diagnose diseases that affect WBC and platelet count.
    • CBC uses automated instruments like Coulter to measure blood components.

    Interpreting CBC Results

    • Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is the amount of oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells.
      • Normal values: 11.5-15.5 g/dl for adults.
    • Hematocrit (Hct) or packed cell volume (PCV) is the percentage of red blood cells in total blood volume.
      • Normal values: 36-45% for adults.
    • Red Blood Cell (RBC) count is the number of red blood cells per unit of blood.
      • Normal values: 4.0-5.2 million/cmm for adults.
    • Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is the average volume of a red blood cell.
      • Normal values: 80-100 fl (femtoliters). Used to categorize red blood cells by size.
    • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) is the average weight of hemoglobin content in a red blood cell.
      • Normal values: 27-33 pg (picograms).
    • Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin in 100 ml of red blood cells.
      • Normal values: 31-37 g/dl. Categorizes red blood cells according to their hemoglobin concentration.
    • Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a measure of the variation in red blood cell size.
      • Normal values: 11.5-15%. A high RDW indicates more variation in red blood cell size.
    • Platelet count is the number of platelets per unit of blood.
      • Normal values: 150-450 thousands/cmm.
    • Total Leucocytic Count (TLC) is the total number of white blood cells in a sample.
      • Normal values: 4-11 thousands/cmm.
    • Differential Leucocytic Count (DLC) is the percentage of each type of white blood cell in a sample.

    Polycythemia (Increased RBC Count)

    • Is an increase in red blood cells.
    • Can be caused by factors such as:
      • High altitude living
      • Certain cancers
      • Dehydration

    Anemia (Decreased RBC Count)

    • Is a decrease in red blood cells.
    • Can be caused by factors such as:
      • Iron deficiency
      • Vitamin B12 deficiency
      • Chronic diseases

    Hemoglobin Concentration

    • Normal Value:

      • Adult Male: 16 ± 2 gm /dl
      • Adult Female: 14 ± 2 gm /dl

    • Increased Hb concentration (Polycythemia)

    • Decreased Hb concentration (Anemia)

    Types of Hemoglobin

    • Hemoglobin A
    • Hemoglobin F
    • Hemoglobin S (Sickle cell anemia)

    Cyanmethemoglobin Method

    • It is the internationally recommended method to determine hemoglobin concentration in blood.
    • Uses potassium ferricyanide and potassium cyanide.
    • The color intensity of the cyanmethemoglobin complex is directly proportional to the hemoglobin concentration.
    • The absorbance of the colored complex is measured at 540 nm.

    Hematocrit Value (Hct) or Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

    • It is the percentage of red blood cells in total blood volume.
    • Normal values:
      • Adult males: 45%
      • Adult Females: 42%
      • Infant at birth: 60%
      • Children 6-12 y: 40%

    Measuring Hct

    • Can be measured by:
      • Coulter
      • Microhematocrit method
      • Wintrobe's method

    Hct Uses

    • Determination of blood volume
    • Helps to determine the type of anemia

    Physiological and Pathological Factors Affecting Hct

    • Dehydration
    • Anemia
    • Polycythemia

    Red Cell Indices

    • Measurements that describe the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells.
    • Help to classify anemias.

    Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

    • Measures the average volume of a red blood cell.
    • Calculation: MCV = (Hct x 10 / RBCs count in millions/mm³)
    • Normal value: 80-95 fl (femtoliters).

    Morphologic Classification of Anemia Based on MCV

    • Low MCV: Microcytic- Iron deficiency anemia
    • Normal MCV: Normocytic- Chronic disease, Renal failure
    • High MCV: Macrocytic- Vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency anemia

    Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

    • Average weight of hemoglobin content in a red cell.
    • Calculation: MCH = (Hb content (g/100 ml) x 10 / RBCs count in millions/mm³)
    • Normal value: 27-31 pg (picograms).

    Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)

    • Measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in 100 ml of red blood cells.
    • Calculation: MCHC = (Hb content (g/100 ml) x 100 / Hct)
    • Normal value: 30-35 g/100 ml of RBCs.

    Total Leukocytic Count (TLC)

    • Normal value: 4,000–11,000 / mm³.
    • Leukocytosis: Increased WBCs count > 11,000 / mm³ in adult.
    • Leukopenia: Decreased WBCs count < 4,000 / mm³ in adult.

    Differential Leukocytic Count (DLC)

    • Percentages of each type of white blood cell in a sample.
      • Neutrophils (60-70%)
      • Eosinophils (1-4%)
      • Basophils (0.25-0.5%)
      • Lymphocytes (25-33%)
      • Monocytes (2-6%)

    Platelet Count

    • Normal value: 150-450 x10³/mm³ of blood
    • Thrombocytosis: High platelet count
    • Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count

    Causes of Thrombocytosis

    • Reactive thrombocytosis: blood loss, cancer, infection.
    • Abnormal platelet production in bone marrow.

    Causes of Thrombocytopenia

    • Bone marrow depression
    • Autoimmune disease
    • Other reasons

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    Description

    This quiz covers the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test, which is essential for diagnosing various health conditions, including blood cancers and anemia. You will learn about different components such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts, as well as normal value ranges. Test your understanding of CBC interpretation and its significance in monitoring health.

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