Competitive Strategies Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the risk for a company that remains indecisive in its strategy?

  • It might lose to competitors that excel in one of the two approaches. (correct)
  • It will consistently offer the lowest prices.
  • It will automatically gain customer loyalty.
  • It may develop innovative products above the competition.
  • How do leadership by costs and pricing differ?

  • Pricing is focused on internal efficiency while costs are external.
  • Pricing is determined solely by customer demand while costs are fixed.
  • Costs are related to operational efficiency while pricing is influenced by market conditions. (correct)
  • There is no difference between leadership by costs and pricing.
  • What can happen if a company chooses a low-cost strategy without maintaining product quality?

  • It can create a luxury product line.
  • It always guarantees the lowest market prices.
  • It risks a decrease in performance and competitive advantage. (correct)
  • It may drive customer satisfaction and loyalty.
  • In what type of environments is cost leadership strategy less relevant?

    <p>In dynamic and innovative environments where needs change rapidly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy can lead to a winning approach for a company?

    <p>Combining both low costs and differentiation to offer a good value for price. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a 'no frills' strategy?

    <p>Low price + low value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of hybrid strategies?

    <p>High value + low price (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company exemplifies the 'no frills' approach?

    <p>Ryanair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What outcome is likely for strategies characterized by high prices combined with low value?

    <p>Loss of customers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with hybrid strategies?

    <p>Failure to differentiate the product effectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of utilizing a focused strategy in selective markets?

    <p>Ability to establish high prices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT part of the factors influencing the success of focused strategies?

    <p>Broad market appeal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is associated with having a focused strategy?

    <p>Higher price differences among competitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Michael Porter describes a firm as 'stuck in the middle' when it fails to choose between what strategies?

    <p>Differentiation or cost leadership (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a differentiation focus strategy?

    <p>Targeting a specific segment and customizing offerings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can brand loyalty create advantages in selective markets?

    <p>It establishes high prices without competition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a cost focus strategy?

    <p>Minimizing costs for a specific segment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if the differentiation factor in a focused strategy disappears?

    <p>Reduced appreciation from purchasers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Experience Effect primarily about?

    <p>The generalisation of the learning effect to other operating costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a company leverage its experience to gain market share?

    <p>By reducing prices below initial costs due to anticipated reductions in future costs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of a cost leadership strategy?

    <p>It may lead to price wars and increased competition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes differentiation?

    <p>Creating uniqueness based on customer value for a price premium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is crucial for the success of a cost leadership strategy?

    <p>Continuous monitoring of costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective market segmentation allow an enterprise to do?

    <p>Focus on specific customer needs for better differentiation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge might companies face with the experience effect over time?

    <p>Rapid imitations of cost-saving measures by competitors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition for effective differentiation?

    <p>Standardizing product features across markets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does experience relate to market share and competitive advantage?

    <p>Companies with greater market share can leverage experience for lower costs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is product complexity considered a differentiation strategy?

    <p>It adds unique features that are difficult to imitate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily defines a Strategic Business Unit (SBU)?

    <p>A unit supplying goods or services for a distinct domain of activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is essential for achieving competitive advantage?

    <p>Sufficient substance to influence market position. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy focuses on providing products or services at a lower cost than competitors?

    <p>Cost Leadership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are imitation barriers designed to do?

    <p>Prevent competitors from replicating a competitive advantage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What capability involves using comparisons to assess an organization's performance relative to others?

    <p>Benchmarking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of strategy is focused on a specific market segment while maintaining a lower cost?

    <p>Cost Focus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a competitive advantage be to endure against market changes?

    <p>Flexible and adaptable to new conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of competitive advantage?

    <p>Imitation of competitor products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the experience effect imply in the context of competitive strategy?

    <p>Manufacturing time decreases with greater production volume. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a key requirement for sustaining a competitive advantage?

    <p>Organizational capabilities and resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of competitive strategy at the business level?

    <p>Concern with specific products and markets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do economies of scale help a firm achieve?

    <p>Increased total production output at a decreasing cost per unit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element does NOT contribute to a firm's efficiency under competitive strategy?

    <p>Random production practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of a business-level competitive strategy?

    <p>To navigate competition successfully in a specific market. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Differentiation strategy

    Creating a unique product or service to stand out from competitors.

    Selective Markets

    Targeting specific groups of people based on unique traits.

    Cost leadership

    Being the most efficient producer to offer the lowest prices.

    Differentiation Focus Strategy

    A strategy to target a specific market segment and customize products for their unique needs.

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    Cost Focus Strategy

    A strategy aiming to be the cheapest provider in a specific market segment.

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    Cost vs. Price

    Internal costs are different from external prices. A company can have low costs without low prices.

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    "Stuck in the Middle"

    Lack of clear strategic direction, failure to choose a specific competitive advantage, such as low cost or differentiation.

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    Suitable market for cost leadership

    Cost leadership strategies work best in stable environments where needs are relatively unchanging.

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    Market Characteristics

    Features affecting a market. Examples include customer power, competitor intensity, and market size.

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    Combining strategies

    Combining low cost with differentiation to offer good value for money.

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    Brand loyalty

    Customer preference for a particular brand.

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    Barriers to Entry

    Obstacles that prevent new competitors from entering a market.

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    Distinct segment needs

    Unique requirements and preferences within a particular customer group.

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    Learning curve effect

    A reduction in the time needed to produce a product or service, leading to lower unit costs of direct labor.

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    Experience effect

    The generalisation of the learning effect, applying to other operating costs.

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    Market share advantage

    Company with higher market share benefits from cost advantages compared to competitors due to experience.

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    Strategic pricing

    Setting a price below initial costs to gain market share due to cost reductions from the experience effect.

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    Cost leadership strategy

    A competitive strategy focused on having the lowest production costs in an industry to increase profitability.

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    Price wars

    Competitors set low prices, to gain market share.

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    Product differentiation

    Making a product distinct from competitors by unique features.

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    Mass Markets

    Targeting a large group of customers with commonly appreciated product attributes.

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    Segmentation

    Dividing a wide market into specific groups with different needs.

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    Hybrid Strategies

    Combining elements of cost leadership and differentiation strategies to provide a good quality-price ratio.

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    Strategic Clock

    A model that visualizes different business strategies regarding price and value positioning in the market.

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    Corporate Level Strategy

    The overall scope of an organization and how value is added to its business units.

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    Business Level Strategy

    How a business competes successfully in a specific market.

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    Operational Strategy

    How different parts of an organization deliver the strategy in terms of managing resources, processes, and people.

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    Strategic Business Unit (SBU)

    A distinct domain of activity supplying goods or services within an organization.

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    Competitive Advantage

    Aspects of a firm that distinguish it from others, leading to superior performance.

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    Differentiation

    Creating unique products or services that are perceived as superior by customers, justifying premium prices.

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    Economies of Scale

    Decreasing per-unit costs as production volume increases.

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    Imitation Barriers

    Obstacles preventing other competitors from replicating a firm's competitive advantage.

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    SWOT Analysis

    A tool identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for an organization.

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    Benchmarking

    Comparing an organization's performance to others in the industry.

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    Value Chain

    The series of activities involved in creating and delivering value to a customer.

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    VRIO Framework

    A framework to evaluate organizational resources and capabilities to determine if they contribute to a competitive advantage.

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    Competitive Strategy

    The approach a business unit takes to achieve a competitive edge in its marketplace.

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    Study Notes

    Competitive Strategies

    • Levels of strategy: Corporate strategy focuses on the overall organisation, business strategy on competition within a market, and operational strategy on managing resources and processes.
    • Strategic Business Units (SBUs): Distinct domains of activity within a company, often called divisions or profit centres. Can be identified by market-based criteria (similar customers, channels, competitors) or capabilities-based criteria (similar strategic capabilities).
    • Competitive Advantage: A firm's unique aspect that distinguishes it from others in a better position for competing and gaining superior performance. It must be related to a key success factor, substantial enough to make a difference, and sustainable.
    • Sources of competitive advantage: External factors like detecting changes, responding quickly, and exploiting opportunities; Internal factors like efficiency (cost leadership), quality (differentiation), innovation (process or product), and capacity for customer satisfaction (both).

    Competitive Strategies (cont'd)

    • Competitive Advantage Concepts:
      • Costs are lower than competitors for a similar product/service quality resulting in higher margins if prices are kept the same.
      • Economical Scale = increased inputs resulting in increased outputs greater than proportionate to the increase
    • Generic Competitive Strategies:
      • Cost Leadership: Lower costs than competitors, often achieved through economies of scale, experience effects, or production capacity.
      • Differentiation: Providing unique products or services to command a premium price.
      • Cost Focus: Cost leadership specifically aimed at a particular market segment.
      • Differentiation Focus: Offering unique products or services in a specific market segment.

    Sustaining Competitive Advantage

    • Imitation Barriers: Obstacles that prevent competitors from copying a firm's competitive advantages. This includes identification of competitive advantages, incentives, disincentives (for competitors), and resource acquisition by rivals.

    Experience Effects

    • Learning Effects: As more units produced, time to manufacture each unit decreases (lower costs).
    • Experience Effects: Time to produce each unit decreases as total output increases, impacting operating costs (lower costs).
    • Value Creation: Companies can reduce costs by producing more units, utilizing their unique advantages.

    Differentiation Focus

    • Differentiation: Making a product or service unique, leading to a superior value for customers.
    • Differentiation Issues: A company needs to understand the needs of its selected group of customers. Knowing who your competitors are is also important

    The Strategic Clock

    • Generic Strategies: Focusing on low prices, differentiation, or a combination of both (e.g., hybrid strategies), with other possibilities in-between.
    • Strategic Clock Positioning: Illustrates different business strategies and their outcomes concerning perceived value and price of offerings.

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    Description

    Explore the different levels of strategies that organizations employ, including corporate, business, and operational strategies. Understand the role of Strategic Business Units (SBUs) and the sources of competitive advantage that can lead to superior performance in the marketplace.

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