Podcast
Questions and Answers
Define competitive intelligence.
Define competitive intelligence.
A systematic program for gathering and analyzing information about your competitor's activities and general business trends to further your own company's goals.
Define industrial espionage.
Define industrial espionage.
The illegal and unethical theft of business trade secrets for use by a competitor to achieve a competitive advantage.
What are the two types of industrial espionage?
What are the two types of industrial espionage?
Which of the following are examples of sources of industrial espionage?
Which of the following are examples of sources of industrial espionage?
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What are the criminal penalties for violating the 1996 Economic Espionage Act?
What are the criminal penalties for violating the 1996 Economic Espionage Act?
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Define elicitation. What are the different techniques?
Define elicitation. What are the different techniques?
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Which of the following are types of economic-political risks?
Which of the following are types of economic-political risks?
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True or false: competitive dis-intelligence and industrial espionage are the same thing.
True or false: competitive dis-intelligence and industrial espionage are the same thing.
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What is the 5-step process for Competitive Intelligence (CI) from ABA?
What is the 5-step process for Competitive Intelligence (CI) from ABA?
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Which of the following are sources of secondary research?
Which of the following are sources of secondary research?
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Which of the following are sources of primary research?
Which of the following are sources of primary research?
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What are the steps of competitive intelligence?
What are the steps of competitive intelligence?
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Which of the following are sources of competitive intelligence?
Which of the following are sources of competitive intelligence?
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Define Murphy's Law of intelligence gathering.
Define Murphy's Law of intelligence gathering.
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Which of the following are available databases for competitive intelligence?
Which of the following are available databases for competitive intelligence?
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What are the two types of legal problems that can arise with competitive intelligence?
What are the two types of legal problems that can arise with competitive intelligence?
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What does Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibit?
What does Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act prohibit?
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What is the penalty for violating the Sherman Act?
What is the penalty for violating the Sherman Act?
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What are the main points for conducting a survey to avoid antitrust violations?
What are the main points for conducting a survey to avoid antitrust violations?
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What is the Freedom of Information Act?
What is the Freedom of Information Act?
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What are Sunshine Acts?
What are Sunshine Acts?
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Define trade secret.
Define trade secret.
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Define reverse engineering.
Define reverse engineering.
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A customer list is a trade secret if reasonable efforts are made to protect it, it has commercial value to the owner, and it is not otherwise available in the public domain.
A customer list is a trade secret if reasonable efforts are made to protect it, it has commercial value to the owner, and it is not otherwise available in the public domain.
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Which of the following are improper methods of information acquisition?
Which of the following are improper methods of information acquisition?
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What are the three skills needed for success?
What are the three skills needed for success?
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What is the relationship between positivity and success?
What is the relationship between positivity and success?
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Define moral mazes.
Define moral mazes.
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Define managerial mischief.
Define managerial mischief.
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Define teleological reasoning.
Define teleological reasoning.
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What are the elements of the HV model?
What are the elements of the HV model?
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Define relativism and its two forms.
Define relativism and its two forms.
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What are the four tenets of scientific realism?
What are the four tenets of scientific realism?
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What are the four questions that a new product must pass to be considered a disruptive innovation?
What are the four questions that a new product must pass to be considered a disruptive innovation?
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Study Notes
Competitive Intelligence
- Competitive intelligence: A systematic process for gathering and analyzing competitor activities and broader industry trends to benefit a company.
- Competitive dis-intelligence: Covers the unauthorized and unethical acquisition of a competitor's confidential information; often overlaps with industrial espionage.
- Industrial espionage: The illegal theft of trade secrets to gain a competitive edge.
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Types of Industrial Espionage:
- Actively seeking to steal intelligence.
- Concealing or denying access to key information.
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Sources of Industrial Espionage:
- Bribes, extortion; conferences; laptops; phones; USB sticks; old equipment; facilities.
- Economic Espionage Act Penalties: Individuals face up to 10 years in prison; organizations face fines up to $5 million.
- Elicitation: Developing relationships with employees to obtain confidential data or products.
Economic Political Risks
- Confiscation: Complete seizure of assets without compensation.
- Expropriation: Partial seizure of assets with some compensation, potentially leading to nationalization of investment.
- Domestication: Mandating local ownership and national investment.
Competitive Intelligence Process (ABA)
- Five Steps: Planning/Direction, Data Collection/Research, Data Analysis/Production, Dissemination of Intelligence, Decision & Action.
Research Sources
- Secondary Research: Trade press, industry reports, government/academic databases.
- Primary Research: Human intelligence, surveys, digital footprints.
Competitive Intelligence Steps
- Define the question: Clarify the specific information needed.
- Learn industry structure: Understand the competitive landscape and players.
- Identify sources (basic and creative): Explore various data sources.
- Literature search: Find relevant articles and reports.
- Retrieve articles: Access and explore articles.
- Identify key people: Extract details about individuals in the articles.
- Strategy preparation: Identify the most productive source categories.
- Conduct interviews: Gather information through interviews.
- Debriefing: Summarize insights and findings.
Sources of Competitive Intelligence
- Company Financials
- Market Share
- Company Background
- Industry Background
- Competitors
- Industry Experts
- Management Personnel
- International Information
- Advertising
- Government Databases
Murphy's Law of Intelligence Gathering
- The critical information is likely located in sources overlooked due to their obviousness.
Databases for CI
- Business Source Premier (SWOT analysis, articles, publications)
- Gale Business Insights (International info, case studies, company histories)
- IBISWorld (Research reports)
- Mergent Intellect (Private international business data)
- S&P Global NetAdvantage (Industry surveys, stock analysis)
- TableBase (Company, industry, product data)
Legal Issues in CI
- Antitrust/Unfair Competition: Problems arising from cooperative competitive intelligence gathering.
- Privacy/Confidentiality: Problems with obtaining information from public sources or third parties, including trade secrets and potential breaches of law.
Sherman Antitrust Act
- Section 1: Prohibits joint activities that restrain trade (e.g., price-fixing, bid-rigging).
- Section 2: Prohibits monopolization and the abuse of monopoly power.
- Violation Penalties: Individuals face up to 3 years in prison; corporations face $10 million fines.
Survey Conduction
- Third-party Management: A third party (e.g., consultant, lawyer) should conduct the survey.
- Data Age: Information used must be at least three months old.
- Diverse Entities: Information from at least five different entities is required.
- Anonymity: Sensitive data must be aggregated to prevent identifying survey participants.
Freedom of Information Act
- Allows citizens access to federal agency records (excluding military, intelligence, and trade secrets).
Sunshine Acts
- Mandates public access to governmental meetings. (requires notification)
Trade Secrets
- Information valuable to a business that's not publicly available.
- Must take adequate precautions to protect.
Reverse Engineering
- Analyzing a competitor's product to determine its production methods, ingredients, etc.
Customer List as Trade Secret
- Must be protected with reasonable efforts, have commercial value to owner, and not be publicly available.
Improper Information Acquisition Methods
- Theft, fraud, breach of contract, unauthorized interception of communications.
Skills for Success
Positivity and Success
Moral Mazes
- Ethical dilemmas faced by managers daily.
Managerial Mischief
- Illegal, unethical, or questionable practices in management.
Teleological Reasoning
- Evaluating choices based on their overall good and bad consequences for all stakeholders.
Deontological Reasoning
- Evaluating choices based on established norms and rules.
HV Model Elements
Relativism
- Meaning: No objective standards for knowledge.
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Forms:
- Cultural Relativism: No objective criteria to evaluate cultural elements.
- Ethical Relativism: Ethical codes are relative to entities, with no universal standards.
Scientific Realism
Business Model Four Questions/Pieces
Strategy Definition
Strategy Misconceptions
Hurdles to Strategy
Strategy PTF Elements
Operational Effectiveness
Purpose, Vision, Mission, Tactics
Resource Value Matrix (R-A Theory)
Major Strategy Types
Disruptive Innovation Questions
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Description
Test your knowledge on competitive intelligence, industrial espionage, and the ethical implications surrounding these topics. This quiz covers the processes, risks, and legal penalties associated with acquiring and managing competitive information. Prepare to explore both the legitimate and illegitimate sides of intelligence gathering.