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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of social entrepreneurship according to the text?

  • Creating and sustaining social value (correct)
  • Engaging in continuous innovation
  • Achieving financial self-sufficiency
  • Maximizing private value

    • What is a key difference between social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship according to the text?

  • Social entrepreneurs are limited by the resources currently in hand, while commercial entrepreneurs are not
  • Social entrepreneurs focus on resource mobilization, while commercial entrepreneurs do not
  • Social entrepreneurs focus on mission (impact) first, while commercial entrepreneurs focus on profit first (correct)
  • Social entrepreneurs exhibit heightened accountability to the constituencies served, while commercial entrepreneurs do not

    • What is a key characteristic of social enterprises in the Netherlands?

  • They are limited in their ability to engage in continuous innovation and adaptation
  • They are focused on maximizing profit for shareholders
  • They are primarily dependent on donations and subsidies
  • They are financially self-sufficient, based on trade or other forms of value exchange (correct)

    • What does the text say about the role of profit in social enterprises in the Netherlands?

    <p>Profit is allowed, but the financial goals are at the service of the mission, to increase the social impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of social entrepreneurship?

    <p>Focusing primarily on maximizing private value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between social entrepreneurship and social enterprise in the Netherlands according to the text?

    <p>Social entrepreneurship is primarily focused on creating and sustaining social value, while social enterprise in the Netherlands is primarily focused on achieving financial self-sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of social entrepreneurship as defined by Austin et al. (2006)?

    <p>Focusing primarily on achieving financial self-sufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship according to the text?

    <p>Social entrepreneurs focus on creating and sustaining social value, while commercial entrepreneurs focus on creating private value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between measuring social impact and economic performance?

    <p>Social impact measurement is more complex than economic performance measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the document, what is the primary goal of the conceptual framework proposed for the field of entrepreneurship?

    <p>Both (a) and (b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the definition of entrepreneurship proposed in the document?

    <p>Entrepreneurship is defined as the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities to create future goods and services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the document, what is the primary reason for the existence of entrepreneurial opportunities?

    <p>The existence of market inefficiencies and information asymmetries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key significance of entrepreneurship according to the document?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the overall approach of the document in defining entrepreneurship?

    <p>The document takes a broad, opportunity-focused approach to defining entrepreneurship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a key reason for the significance of entrepreneurship according to the document?

    <p>Entrepreneurship creates new job opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best summarizes the overall focus of the conceptual framework proposed in the document?

    <p>The framework focuses on the broader field of entrepreneurship, including the discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Michael Porter, what is the essence of strategy?

    <p>Choosing to perform activities differently than rivals do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key aspect of sustaining a competitive advantage, according to Jay Barney?

    <p>Making sure that competitors are unable to duplicate the strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common element of strategic management definitions across different research fields?

    <p>Competitive positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field of strategic management primarily concerned with?

    <p>Enhancing firm performance in external environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the 10 schools of strategic management in the text?

    <p>The theory of planned behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for initiating strategic change within an organization?

    <p>Responding to external or internal threats or opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor in the definition of strategic management provided in the text?

    <p>Competitive positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of sustaining a competitive advantage?

    <p>Ensuring that competitors are unable to duplicate the strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study findings reveal about leader expectations and employee engagement in learning activities?

    <p>Leader expectations were related to employee engagement, supporting Hypothesis 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following did NOT mediate the relationship between leader expectations and employee engagement in learning activities?

    <p>LMX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did goal difficulty play as a mediator between leader expectations and employee engagement in learning activities?

    <p>It was found to mediate the relationship, supporting Hypothesis 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study, which mechanisms can leaders use to influence employees' engagement in learning activities?

    <p>Goal-setting and providing learning opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result regarding the mediating effect of feedback on the relationship between leader expectations and learning engagement?

    <p>It had no significant mediating effect, leading to the rejection of Hypothesis 6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was found about the mediating role of LMX in the relationship between leader expectations and learning engagement?

    <p>It did not mediate the relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediators were discovered to support the relationship between leader expectations and employee engagement in learning activities?

    <p>Goal difficulty and goal specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is highlighted as a crucial mechanism for leaders to influence employees' engagement in learning according to the study?

    <p>Challenging goals and learning resources availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organizational culture is the most visible and tangible, but difficult to interpret without deeper cultural understanding?

    <p>Artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the Espoused Beliefs and Values level of organizational culture?

    <p>It represents the ideals, goals, and values that members claim to hold and follow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with the Espoused Beliefs and Values level of organizational culture?

    <p>They may not be congruent with the observed behavior and artifacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organizational culture is the most deeply ingrained and unconscious?

    <p>Basic Underlying Assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the different levels of organizational culture?

    <p>The levels are hierarchical, with Artifacts being the most visible and Basic Underlying Assumptions being the deepest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about Artifacts in organizational culture?

    <p>They are easy to observe but difficult to decipher without deeper cultural understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of organizational culture discussed in the text?

    <p>Organizational Policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Espoused Beliefs and Values and observed behavior in organizational culture?

    <p>Espoused Beliefs and Values may or may not be congruent with observed behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the definition of strategic management proposed by Nag, Hambrick, and Chen?

    <p>The consensus on the core elements of strategic management among scholars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the perspectives of Barney (1991) and Porter (1996) as described in the text?

    <p>Barney focuses on internal resources, while Porter emphasizes strategic positioning and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key similarity between the perspectives of Barney (1991), Porter (1996), and Nag, Hambrick, and Chen (2007)?

    <p>They all focus on achieving competitive advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary critique of equating strategy with operational effectiveness, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It does not distinguish between strategic positioning and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key outcome of the perspective proposed by Nag, Hambrick, and Chen (2007)?

    <p>It provides a consensus definition of strategic management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the perspective proposed by Porter (1996)?

    <p>Strategic positioning and activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key hypothesis of the Resource-Based View, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Resources that are valuable, rare, inimitable, and non-substitutable lead to sustained competitive advantage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the perspective proposed by Barney (1991), as described in the text?

    <p>The internal resources of the firm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study, how does the mode in which subordinates voice their ideas (aggressive vs. considerate) affect leaders' reactions, particularly for those with performance goals?

    <p>Leaders with performance goals are more receptive to ideas presented in a considerate manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key finding regarding the relationship between leaders' achievement goals and their responses to creative ideas?

    <p>Leaders with performance goals are more likely to oppose subordinates' radical creative ideas, whereas those with mastery goals are more inclined to adopt such ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of 'explorative interest' in the relationship between leaders' achievement goals and their responses to creative ideas?

    <p>Explorative interest positively mediates the relationship between leaders' achievement goals and their responses to creative ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key message of the article by Schein (Process Consultation)?

    <p>Schein advocates for a collaborative approach in consulting, emphasizing the importance of process consultation over content consultation to empower organizations to diagnose and solve their own problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key message of the article by Kieser (Management Ideas)?

    <p>Kieser criticizes the uncritical acceptance and promotion of management ideas through the business press, highlighting the cyclical nature of management fads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship?

    <p>Social entrepreneurship focuses on creating social value, while commercial entrepreneurship focuses on maximizing profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the conceptual framework proposed in the document?

    <p>The primary focus of the conceptual framework is not mentioned in the text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the definition of entrepreneurship proposed in the document?

    <p>The text does not propose a definition of entrepreneurship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of consultancy is problematized according to the text?

    <p>Knowledge acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Peterson (1972), how are elements of culture typically created?

    <p>Deliberately by individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way are managers often portrayed in terms of their interaction with consultants?

    <p>As passive and vulnerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristics are associated with the 'Rationalizers' mentioned in Sturdy (2009)?

    <p>Comfort-seeking and legitimizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically expected from insights and recipes preferred by managers according to Sorge & van Witteloostuijn (2004)?

    <p>Punchy and succinct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Clark & Salaman (1998) describe managers' response to gurus' ideas and recommendations?

    <p>Passive and vulnerable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Consultocracy' as mentioned in Kieser (2002) can be associated with what concept?

    <p>'Consultant-dominated' practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ideologues/imperialist' as described in Sturdy (2009) can be understood as individuals who embody what attributes?

    <p>'Capitalist and rational'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organizational culture is considered the most deeply ingrained and unconscious?

    <p>Basic Underlying Assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key potential issue with the Espoused Beliefs and Values level of organizational culture?

    <p>They may not be congruent with observed behavior and artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the different levels of organizational culture?

    <p>The levels build upon each other from most visible to most deeply ingrained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinguishing factor between Artifacts and Espoused Beliefs and Values in organizational culture?

    <p>Artifacts are more easily observed, while Espoused Beliefs and Values are more difficult to decipher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the conceptual framework proposed for the field of entrepreneurship?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive understanding of the field of entrepreneurship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key characteristic of social entrepreneurship in the text?

    <p>Emphasis on economic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between measuring social impact and economic performance in the context of social entrepreneurship?

    <p>Social impact is the primary focus, while economic performance is a secondary consideration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the definition of entrepreneurship proposed in the document?

    <p>The identification and exploitation of new opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of institutionalizing change in an organization's culture, practices, and management succession?

    <p>Conducting limited research on institutionalizing change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified in the text as a factor that can affect an individual's resistance to change?

    <p>Organizational structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most recent definition of resistance to change?

    <p>A tri-dimensional (negative) attitude towards change, which includes affective, cognitive, and behavioral components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text discusses different $levels$ of organizational culture. Which level is described as the most deeply ingrained and unconscious?

    <p>Basic Underlying Assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between measuring social impact and economic performance in the context of social enterprises, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Social impact is more difficult to quantify than economic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The text discusses a model of organizational culture with different $layers$. Which layer is described as the most visible and tangible, but difficult to interpret without deeper cultural understanding?

    <p>Artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Oreg (2006), which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between job security and resistance to change?

    <p>Job security is related to both cognitive and affective resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the findings of Oreg (2006), which statement accurately describes the relationship between dispositional resistance to change and affective resistance?

    <p>Dispositional resistance to change is negatively related to affective resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Barney (1991), which of the following is NOT one of the four indicators for sustained competitive advantage?

    <p>Replicability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study discussed in the text, how does the mode in which subordinates voice their ideas (aggressive vs. considerate) affect leaders' reactions, particularly for those with performance goals?

    <p>Leaders with performance goals react more positively to considerately voiced ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between cognitive resistance and job satisfaction, as suggested by Oreg (2006)?

    <p>The relationship between cognitive resistance and job satisfaction is not discussed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following factors is NOT identified as affecting an individual's resistance to change?

    <p>Organizational commitment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the first step in Kotter's eight-step change model?

    <p>Establishing a sense of urgency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship according to the text?

    <p>Social entrepreneurship focuses on creating social value, while commercial entrepreneurship prioritizes economic value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the VRIO framework, which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for a resource to be a source of sustained competitive advantage?

    <p>Imitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the consulting roles described by Saxton (1995), which role is applicable in the situation where a consultant is hired to verify an analysis and add credence to a proposed solution?

    <p>Legitimizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study discussed in the text, which of the following mediated the relationship between leader expectations and employee engagement in learning activities?

    <p>Both a) and b)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of organizational culture is described as the most visible and tangible, but difficult to interpret without deeper cultural understanding?

    <p>Artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of feedback on employee engagement in learning activities according to the full model described in the text?

    <p>Feedback has a negative relationship with employee engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study by Bezuijen et al. (2009), which specific leader behavior plays a pivotal role in fostering employee learning?

    <p>Goal setting and learning opportunities provision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the rejection of Hypothesis 2 in the study imply?

    <p>LMX relationship has no role in mediating leader expectations and learning engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of goal specificity according to Hypothesis 3 discussed in the text?

    <p>Mediates between leader expectations and learning engagement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What future research area is highlighted in relation to LMX and feedback in fostering employee learning?

    <p>The roles of LMX and feedback in learning engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect of leader behavior was emphasized in translating positive expectations into increased employee engagement in learning activities?

    <p>'Goal setting' and 'provision of learning opportunities'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing factor between social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship based on the text?

    <p>Focus on private value creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic primarily differentiates social enterprise in the Netherlands from social entrepreneurship according to the text?

    <p>Lack of focus on social impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of social enterprises in the Netherlands based on the text?

    <p>Profit as the primary goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social entrepreneurship differ from commercial entrepreneurship in terms of performance measurement according to Austin et al (2006)?

    <p>Profit maximization as the primary indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between social entrepreneurship and commercial entrepreneurship regarding resource mobilization?

    <p>Resource allocation based on profit potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social entrepreneurship primarily aim to achieve its mission according to the text?

    <p>Through adaptive learning processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of leaders with performance goals, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Focusing on content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role that leaders play in the fate of creative ideas?

    <p>Playing an important role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Pygmalion effect primarily suggest about beliefs and actions?

    <p>Beliefs impact actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the achievement goals associated with mastery goals, as per the text?

    <p>Acquiring new skills and mastering situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leaders with performance goals are most likely to ______________ radical creative ideas from subordinates.

    <p>oppose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Leaders who set mastery goals are more inclined to ______________ radical creative ideas from subordinates.

    <p>adopt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do beliefs influence actions according to the Pygmalion effect?

    <p>Beliefs impact other beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do achievement goals represent, as discussed in the text?

    <p>Competence-relevant aims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hypothesized role of leaders' explorative interest in relation to their reactions to subordinates' creative ideas?

    <p>It mediates the relationship between leaders' goal orientation and their responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aggressive voice communication by subordinates potentially affect leaders' responses to radical creative ideas?

    <p>It aggravates leaders' opposition to the ideas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leaders might view novel ideas as challenges to their established methods?

    <p>Leaders with performance goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central focus of the research discussed regarding leaders' achievement goals and their reactions to radical creative ideas?

    <p>The influence of achievement goals on the acceptance of new ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT identified as a factor that can affect an individual's resistance to change?

    <p>Organizational structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of the definition of resistance to change proposed in the text?

    <p>Resistance to change is a tri-dimensional (negative) attitude towards change, including affective, cognitive, and behavioral components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key conclusion regarding the different forms of resistance to change discussed in the text?

    <p>Different forms of resistance can indicate different types of antecedents, requiring different strategies for alleviating resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of organizational culture is described as the most visible and tangible, but difficult to interpret without deeper cultural understanding?

    <p>Artifacts and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key finding regarding the relationship between cognitive resistance to change and job satisfaction, according to the information provided?

    <p>Cognitive resistance to change has a negative effect on job satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for a resource to be a source of sustained competitive advantage, based on the VRIO framework?

    <p>Organized</p> Signup and view all the answers

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