Questions and Answers
Who discovered the cell and coined the term 'cell'?
Robert Hooke
What did Robert Brown discover in 1831?
The cell's nucleus
What is the study of cells called?
Which of the following statements is true about prokaryotic cells?
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What are ribosomes known as?
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What is the primary function of mitochondria?
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What pigment is found in chloroplasts?
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Lysosomes are known as the 'suicidal bags' of the cell.
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What type of transport does NOT require energy?
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The __________ is the largest organelle in an animal cell.
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Match the following cellular parts with their functions:
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Study Notes
General Science: Life Sciences and the Cellular Basis of Life
- Robert Hooke discovered cells in cork in 1665 and introduced the term "cell" (Latin: cellulae), meaning small room.
- Robert Brown identified the cell nucleus in 1831.
- Cytology is defined as the study of cells.
- Cells are comprised entirely of chemical substances.
Types of Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells:
- Do not have a nucleus.
- DNA is located in a specific region called the nucleoid.
- Eukaryotic Cells:
- Possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Key Cellular Structures
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Ribosomes:
- Function as protein factories.
- Free ribosomes produce proteins for use in the cytosol.
- Bound ribosomes produce proteins for membrane integration and export.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
- Acts as a biosynthetic factory with folded membranes for material transport.
- Rough ER contains ribosomes; Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
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Golgi Apparatus:
- Serves as a shipping and receiving center, processing and packaging macromolecules.
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Mitochondria:
- Known as the powerhouse of the cell, converting food into energy (ATP).
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Nucleus:
- Largest organelle in animal cells, containing the majority of genes (DNA).
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Plasma Membrane:
- Functions as a selective barrier (semipermeable) between the cell's interior and external environment.
Other Cellular Components
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Cytoplasm:
- Gel-like substance within the cell where organelles reside.
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Lysosomes:
- Act as digestive compartments or "suicidal bags" which digest bacteria, foreign substances, and damaged organ parts.
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Chloroplasts:
- Found only in plants, chloroplasts capture light energy and are sites of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll.
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Cell Wall:
- A protective layer located outside the plasma membrane, providing structural support to plant cells.
Cellular Transport Mechanisms
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Passive Transport:
- Involves the diffusion of substances across membranes without energy, moving from high to low concentration gradients.
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Description
This quiz covers key subjects from the Competency Appraisal 501, including General Science, Basic Mathematics, and Filipino communication. Test your knowledge on essential topics such as Ethics and Philippine History. Prepare to assess various competencies crucial for professional education.
