18 Questions
Why does caries progress slowly in enamel?
High supersaturation of saliva with respect to enamel mineral
Which type of apatite crystal is more resistant to acid?
F fluoroapatite
What is the role of fluoride in enamel resistance to caries?
Aids in the formation of enamel crystals
What is the solubility product of enamel required for the formation of enamel crystals?
$5.5 \times 10^{-55}$ mol/l
Which type of enamel has a higher concentration of fluoride, human or shark enamel?
Shark enamel
Under physiological conditions, why doesn't enamel mineral dissolve in saliva?
$IAPHA > KSPenamel$
What forms on the surface of fluorapatite when calcium and fluoride ions are released during initial dissolution?
Calcium Fluoride (CaF2)
What effect does repeated exposure to fluoride have on enamel over time?
Increased resistance to acid attack
Which compound is more acid resistant than Hydroxyapatite (HA)?
Fluorapatite
What ions replace carbonate ions in the apatite structure during increased posteruptive maturation?
Fluoride ions
What process involves the deposition of Fluoride, Calcium, Phosphate, and Hydroxyl ions?
Remineralization Process
How does Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite (FHA) protect enamel against acid attack?
By forming compact and regular crystals like Hydroxyapatite
How does the carbonate content of apatite crystals impact stability and solubility?
Apatite crystals with low carbonate contents are more stable and less soluble.
What is the role of fluoride in the remineralization process of enamel?
Fluoride enhances remineralization by facilitating the re-precipitation of calcium and phosphate ions.
How does fluoride affect the activity of oral streptococci?
Fluoride inhibits enolase and ATP-ase activity, reducing acid production by streptococci.
What effect does fluoride have on tooth morphology when administered during tooth formation?
Fluoride results in shallower fissures and more rounded cusps.
How does fluoride concentration in saliva or plaque relate to its inhibitory effects on bacteria?
Concentrations above 1 ppm are needed for fluoride to inhibit bacteria activity.
What is the impact of fluoride on reducing growth in bacteria?
10 ppm of fluoride is required for reducing growth in bacteria.
This quiz explores a study comparing carious lesions formation in shark and human enamel, with and without fluoride mouthrinse treatment. The authors found that fluoride treatment led to lower mineral loss in human enamel compared to shark enamel. The study highlights the importance of fluoride in increasing enamel resistance.
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