Comparative Politics Chapter 1

<p>Self-organizing networks providing governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single case studies and small comparisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference in human interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elite representation of different communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the first separate school of political science</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Voters not voting for a party that wants to lower pensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are not the same every time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The habits developed through socialization in a specific institution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their focus on human interactions and variability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are often ineffective in producing high levels of human well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have multiple separate institutions, each addressing different issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability to produce coherent and effective policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The country has not delivered many positive results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of veto points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased school attendance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control of corruption and increased administrative capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small-n study</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scale problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quite low</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Employing various statistical techniques of data processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the First World War</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To describe and explain similarities and differences across political systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The methodology of comparing political systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marriage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Public sphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal institutions are enforced by law, informal institutions are socially constructed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The underlying assumption is that humans have a natural tendency to form societies and develop a political system, which distinguishes them from animals that do not have this capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weber's concept of power refers to the ability of an individual or group to achieve their goals despite the resistance of others, and involves the ability to force others to do things they would not otherwise do.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional authority is based on respect for tradition and habits, charismatic authority is based on the personality of the ruler, and rational-legal authority is based on respect for the rules. These types of authority legitimize the exercise of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative politics is one of the three main subfields of political science, along with political theory and international relations. Its main goal is to compare and analyze political systems and institutions across different countries and regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Politics is the exercise of the power of making decisions, and involves the ability to acquire and wield power. Decision-making is a key aspect of politics, as it involves the allocation of resources and the distribution of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of 'man as a political animal' highlights the inherent social and political nature of humans, and suggests that humans have a natural tendency to form societies and develop political systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural sciences focus on exact science and try to find general laws, whereas social sciences try to approximate and generalize through quasi-experimental designs, acknowledging the complexity of human interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The behavioural revolution brought a shift towards more scientific methods, whereas before, research was mainly based on qualitative analyses, such as legal texts and laws, with a focus on rights and institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The École Libre des Sciences Politiques was the first separate school of political science, marking the establishment of political science as a distinct discipline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surveys and polls try to approximate and generalize, but are not exact sciences and are limited in their ability to capture the complexity of human interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary challenge is that human interactions and institutions vary greatly, making it difficult to generalize and compare across different regions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing the differences between natural sciences and social sciences is crucial, as it acknowledges the complexity of human interactions and the need for approximations and generalizations in social sciences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key assumption is that individuals act in their rational self-interest, having sufficient information to make rational calculations, and wanting to maximize profit from an action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporatism involves the strong involvement of civil society in policy development, where the government picks out certain organizations and grants them privileged access to consultation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consociationalism involves elites representing different communities coming together to govern, addressing the needs of diverse communities through collective decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Network theory suggests that self-organizing networks now provide governance, as governments are no longer able to direct involvement in decision-making, highlighting the shift towards decentralized and participatory governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political culture refers to the habits developed through socialization in a specific institution, influencing individual behavior and societal norms, and is closely related to social capital.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational choice theory assumes individual self-interest, whereas less individualistic interpretations, such as collective identity, emphasize the importance of group dynamics and collective outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It marked a shift in focus from institutions to individuals, with the latter becoming the most important part of the analyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concepts cannot travel easily, meaning they may not be applicable in all contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It focuses on institutions, considering a large set of institutions and analyzing them on multiple levels, including the micro-level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Institutions shape and constrain the behavior of individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interests are strictly related to individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They represent the main approaches to analyzing political phenomena, including institutions, interests, and more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bad governance entails governance that only serves the interest of elite, corruption and abuse of power. This leads to no improvement in the life situation of citizens, despite democratization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text does not mention a limitation of large n-analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>According to Diamond, control of corruption and increased administrative capacity are necessary for creating human well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The correlation between human well-being and the level of democracy is quite low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scale problem is a problem in comparative politics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary reason for disappointment in democratic outcomes is bad governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respect for tradition and habits = Traditional authority Personality of the ruler = Charismatic authority Respect for the rules = Rational-legal authority Fear of sanctions = Coercive authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Politics = The exercise of the power of making decisions Comparative politics = A science of politics that compares institutions and practices across different regions Power = The ability to force others to do things they would not do Authority = The ability to make decisions that are binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aristotle = Man is a political animal by nature Weber = Power is the ability to achieve goals despite opposition Diamond = Creating human well-being requires a certain level of democracy Rousseau = Man is inherently good but corrupted by society</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political theory = The study of the nature of politics and the state Comparative politics = The study of institutions and practices across different regions International relations = The study of relations between nations Political economy = The study of the intersection of politics and economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respect for the rules = Rational-legal authority Personality of the ruler = Charismatic authority Spontaneous development of a political system = Organic governance Imposition of power by a single individual or group = Coercive governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decision-making = The process of making binding decisions Power = The ability to force others to do things they would not do Authority = The ability to make decisions that are binding Politics = The exercise of the power of making decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational choice theory = Assumes individuals make decisions based on self-interest Corporatism = Form of governance that emphasizes collaboration between state and civil society Multidimensionality = Approach that considers multiple factors in political analysis Institutional analysis = Examines how institutions shape individual behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Charismatic leaders = Exercise power based on personal charm and charisma Traditional leaders = Exercise power based on custom and tradition Rational-legal leaders = Exercise power based on rules and procedures Authoritarian leaders = Exercise power based on coercion and force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NATO = North Atlantic defense alliance OECD = Economic development and cooperation WHO = Global health and disease prevention UN = Global peace and security</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Network theory = Analyzing relationships between actors in governance Comparative politics = Comparing political phenomena across countries Rational choice theory = Analyzing individual decision-making Institutionalism = Examining how institutions shape individual behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalization = Difficulty in applying universal concepts across different regions Bad governance = Failure of institutions to provide basic services Limited large n-analysis = Difficulty in generalizing from a small number of cases Cultural differences = Differences in political culture across countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative politics = Comparing political phenomena across countries International relations = Analyzing interactions between states Political culture = Examining the cultural context of politics Political economy = Examining the relationship between politics and economics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Institutional turn = A shift in focus to the importance of institutions in explaining prosperity New institutionalism = A school of thought that emphasizes the importance of formal and informal institutions Social trust = An important informal institution that has a strong impact on human well-being Historical institutionalism = A school of thought that focuses on the historical development of institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>North = Emphasized the importance of informal institutions and criticized the exaggeration of formal institutions' importance Diamond = Emphasized the importance of institutions for human well-being Weber = Introduced the concept of power and its relation to individual goals Aristotle = Introduced the concept of 'man as a political animal'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formal institutions = Explicitly defined rules and norms Informal institutions = Unwritten norms and customs that shape behavior Corporatism = A form of governance that emphasizes collaboration between state and civil society Consociationalism = A form of governance that addresses the needs of diverse communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unclean water in developing countries = Lack of institutional quality and corruption in the public sector Disappointment in democratic outcomes = Poor institutional quality and lack of supervision Inequality in human well-being = Differences in institutional quality between countries Poor governance = Lack of social trust and poor institutional quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Institutions and human well-being = Institutions have a strong impact on human well-being Politics and power = Politics is the exercise of power and decision-making Governance and social trust = Social trust is essential for good governance Institutional quality and prosperity = Good institutional quality leads to prosperity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New institutionalism = The importance of formal and informal institutions Historical institutionalism = The historical development of institutions Comparative politics = Comparing political institutions and their impact on human well-being Rational choice theory = Individual decision-making and behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speaking truth to power = Elite Public intellectual writing = General public Informing policymakers = Government Informing parties = Parties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sen = Bad results in China and India Diamond = Representative democracy is not enough for creating human well-being Aristotle = Man as a political animal Weber = Concept of power relates to the ability of individuals or groups to achieve their goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paternalism = Government thwarting individual preferences Normative approach = Fear of being seen as taking a stand Rational choice theory = Individual decision-making Sen &amp; Laureate approach = Ensuring basic resources for all individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small-n studies = Use a small number of cases, collecting data from archives, interviews, etc. Large n-analysis = Refers to quantitative analysis which employ various statistical techniques of data processing Corporatism = A form of governance that involves civil society Consociationalism = A characteristic of governance that addresses the needs of diverse communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Informing the elite = Giving advice on winning elections Informing the general public = Explaining economic growth and gender equality Public policy issues = Addressing country-specific problems Research = Identifying best practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bad governance = Governance that only serves the interest of elite, corruption, and abuse of power State capacity = Impact on human well-being Quality of government = Influence on human well-being Rational choice theory = Assumes individuals make decisions based on self-interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational choice theory = Individuals act rationally Institutional analysis = Institutions shape individual behavior Paternalism = Government knows what's best for individuals Normative approach = Researchers should remain objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scale problem = Comparative politics Limitations of surveys and polls = Social sciences Challenge of comparing social phenomena across different regions = Comparative politics Problem of generalization = Natural sciences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring basic resources for all individuals = Sen &amp; Laureate Rational choice theory = Diamond Paternalism = Aristotle Speaking truth to power = Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human development index = Correlation between human well-being and the level of democracy Index of democratic outcomes = Comparison of democratic outcomes across different countries Poverty index = Measurement of poverty levels Inequality index = Measurement of economic inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing social phenomena = Difficulty in generalizing across regions Surveys and polls = Limited representation of population Large n-analysis = Oversimplification of complex issues Institutional analysis = Neglecting individual agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rational-legal authority = A form of authority that relates to the exercise of power Charismatic authority = A form of authority that relates to the exercise of power Traditional authority = A form of authority that relates to the exercise of power Network theory = A concept that challenges traditional notions of governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>normative and theoretical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>power</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>political</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>two-party</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oligarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>political</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>comparative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>elite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>speaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>paternalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>speak</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>scope</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>legitimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>rule of law</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>elections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>accountability</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fascism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>elite</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>political</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>democratic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>democratic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>democracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>school</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>democratic</p> Signup and view all the answers