Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

• English adjectives have three forms: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• Positive form shows the basic form of the adjective (e.g., clean, small, happy).
• Comparative form uses "-er" or "more" to compare two things (e.g., cleaner, smaller, happier, more interesting).
• Superlative form uses "the + -est" or "the most" to compare three or more things (e.g., the cleanest, the smallest, the happiest, the most interesting).
• Irregular adjectives change their form (e.g., good – better – the best, bad – worse – the worst, many – more – the most).

Articles

• English has articles (a/an, the, zero article) that don't have direct Kazakh equivalents.
• "A" or "an" are used for indefinite articles, meaning "one" or "a" (e.g., a book, an apple).
• Use "a" before consonant sounds and "an" before vowel sounds.
• "The" is used for definite articles, referring to specific things (e.g., the book, the apple).
• Zero article is used before plural nouns (e.g., books, apples) and countable nouns that are not specific.

Modals (Obligation and Prohibition)

• "Must" expresses obligation or necessity.
• "Must not" (mustn't) expresses prohibition.
• "Have to" is a more general way to express obligation or necessity.
• "Should" expresses advice or recommendation.

Ability and Possibility

• "Can" expresses general ability.
• "Can not" (can't) expresses inability.
• "Could" is the past tense of can and expresses past ability.
• "Be able to" is a more formal way to express ability.

Past Tenses

• Past Simple: used for completed actions in the past.
• Past Continuous: describes actions that were in progress at a specific time in the past.
• Past Perfect: describes an action that happened before another action in the past.

Past Habits and States

• Past Simple (e.g., I worked there last year): used to describe a completed action that once happened.
• Used to (e.g., I used to live with my parents) describes habitual past actions that no longer occur.
• Would (e.g., I would spend hours in the library): describes a recurring action in the past.

Passive Voice

• Passive voice transforms the subject of an active voice sentence into the object.
• The passive voice emphasizes the action rather than the actor.

Question Forms

• General questions (yes/no questions): need "yes" or "no" answers.
• Special questions (WH-questions): start with words like "who," "what," "where," "when," and "how."
• Tag questions: short questions attached to a statement to invite agreement (e.g., You like movies, don't you?).
• Alternative questions: present multiple options to choose from.

Ағылшын тіліндегі сын есімдердің салыстырмалы және суперлативтік формалары туралы біле аласыз. Салыстырмалы форма екі нәрсені салыстыру кезінде қолданылады, ал суперлатив форма үш немесе одан да көп нәрсені салыстыруда пайдаланылады. Сонымен қатар, мақалдардың ағылшын тілінде қолданылуы туралы ақпарат беріледі.