29 Questions
What is the primary default link for routes beyond NAP not known to the customer?
MEL link
When does the activation of the SYD link occur?
When the MEL link experiences a failure
Which link should be preferred to accept all incoming traffic from NAP?
MEL link
What happens when router XR consolidates the two prefixes A1 and A2?
XR creates a summary address ASUM and communicates it downstream to router YR
What is the restriction on routers UR and VR regarding the summary address ASUM?
They are restricted from re-announcing this address back to YR
What happens when router XR experiences a failure in reaching the network address A1?
The summary address ASUM is still successfully installed in the routing tables of all downstream routers
What is the main objective of this assignment?
To test students' knowledge of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
What is the type of this assignment?
Problem-solving (individual) assignment
What is the purpose of the problem-solving assignment?
To familiarize students with real-world problem situations and issues
What is the lecturer's advice regarding the use of ChatGPT and other AI tools?
Students should exercise caution when using ChatGPT and other AI tools, as the responses may not always be accurate and can be misleading
What is the lecturer's advice regarding the use of one's own words when responding to questions?
Students should use their own words when responding to questions
What is the total marks and weighting (value) of this assignment?
Total Marks: 30, Weighting (Value): 20%
What is the required file format for written assignments?
What is the purpose of the preview feature in the submission process?
To review the assignment for completeness and accuracy
What is the late submission penalty for written assessments?
A 5% penalty per day up to 7 days, then a grade of 0
What is the purpose of Turnitin in the assessment process?
To generate the originality report
When is the submission time for all written assessments?
11:55 pm
What is the consequence of submitting an assignment after the 7-day late period?
A 0 grade
What is the sequence of steps leading to the installation of the best route to network N in each router in Case 1?
The routers in AS1 receive the route from AS2 first, then the route from AS3, and install the best route accordingly.
Do all four routers in AS1 record the same best route to reach network N in Case 1?
Yes, all four routers in AS1 record the same best route to reach network N.
What is the sequence of steps leading to the installation of the best route to network N in each router in Case 2?
The routers in AS1 receive the route from AS2 first, then the route from AS3, and install the best route accordingly.
Do all four routers in AS1 record the same best route to reach network N in Case 2?
Yes, all four routers in AS1 record the same best route to reach network N.
Is the best route to network N in each router in Case 2 exactly the same as in Case 1?
Yes, the best route to network N in each router in Case 2 is exactly the same as in Case 1.
What is the most important factor in determining the best route to network N in the given scenarios?
The length of the AS path for the routes from AS2 and AS3.
What is the primary factor contributing to the potential routing instability in the network described in the text?
The loss of the announcement on the YR-UR link
Why does XR suppress the announcement of summary address ASUM?
To ensure that only the most specific route is announced
What is the purpose of the route reflectors RR1 and RR2 in the BGP topology described?
To manage the clusters C1 and C2 and their respective BGP routers
What is the relationship between AS1 and the autonomous systems AS2 and AS3 in the BGP topology?
AS1 is a peer of AS2 and AS3
What is the significance of the bold dotted lines in the BGP topology?
They represent the IBGP peering links between the routers
Study Notes
Default Routes
- In a primary/backup setup, prioritize the default link for routes beyond NAP not known to the customer.
- In the primary/backup setup, the primary default is the MEL link, and the SYD link serves as the secondary default.
- The SYD link is activated only in the event of a failure in the MEL link.
Inbound Traffic
- Prefer to accept all incoming traffic from NAP via the primary MEL link and not the secondary SYD link.
- Activate the SYD link only when the MEL link experiences a failure.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
- CIDR involves consolidating multiple prefixes into a single summary address.
- Router XR consolidates two prefixes A1 and A2 to create a summary address, ASUM, and communicates it downstream to router YR.
- Router YR disseminates the summary address to its downstream peer routers UR and VR.
- Routers UR and VR are restricted from re-announcing this address back to YR, but they are permitted to exchange this information with each other.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
- BGP is used in a route reflector based BGP topology.
- In a route reflector based BGP topology, route reflectors manage clusters of clients.
- BGP routers peer with other autonomous systems to exchange routes.
- AS1 peers with AS2 and AS3 through routers R1 and R2, respectively.
Route Advertisement
- Router XR announces a route to network N via R1 (Route1) to AS1.
- Router XR announces a route to network N via R2 (Route2) to AS1.
- Route reflectors propagate routes to their downstream peer routers.
- Routers may lose route announcements due to link failures, leading to potential routing instability.
Routing Instability
- Routing instability can occur when routers lose route announcements due to link failures.
- Factors contributing to routing instability include:
- Link failures
- Loss of route announcements
- Inconsistent routing information among routers
Test your knowledge on Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) in this problem-solving assignment for individuals. Get prepared with real-world problems set by Dr. Marwan Adel El Tannir.
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