Community Pharmacy Practice: Diarrhea Lecture 9
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Questions and Answers

Define diarrhea according to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017.

The passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day.

What is dysentery and how is it defined?

Dysentery is the presence of blood and/or mucus in stools.

What are the possible complications of diarrhea?

Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, tetany, convulsions, hypoglycemia, and renal failure.

How can diarrhea be classified based on duration, and what are the possible causes for each classification?

<p>Acute (14 Days) result from parasites and protozoa; Chronic (Lasting Longer Than A Month) results from functional or inflammatory bowel disorders, malabsorption syndromes, and drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of diarrhea and their incidence?

<p>Viral infection, which often results in gastroenteritis especially in infants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the WHO report about diarrhea in 2016?

<p>Diarrhea was the ninth leading cause of death globally, with over 1.3 million deaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of bacterial infections?

<p>Severe diarrhoea and/or vomiting, with or without abdominal pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause death in infants already malnourished and living in poor social circumstances?

<p>Rotavirus infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is associated with contaminated poultry?

<p>Campylobacter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause Bacillary dysentery?

<p>Shigella</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can E. coli infections release into the body, which can cause kidney failure?

<p>Toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can Listeria monocytogenes cause in pregnant women?

<p>Miscarriage, still birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of protozoan infections that may occur in travellers from further afield?

<p>Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentery) and Giardia lamblia (giardiasis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of giardiasis?

<p>Watery and foul-smelling diarrhoea, accompanied with symptoms of flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is giardiasis contracted?

<p>Through drinking contaminated drinking water</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is diagnosis made for protozoan infections?

<p>By sending stool samples to the laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the World Health Organization's definition of acute diarrhea?

<p>The passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dysentery characterized by?

<p>Presence of blood and/or mucus in stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

What infectious agents can cause acute diarrhea that lasts for 14 days?

<p>Parasites and protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential complications of diarrhea?

<p>Dehydration and renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are often responsible for gastroenteritis in infants?

<p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is chronic diarrhea, lasting longer than a month, usually caused?

<p>Inflammatory bowel disorders and malabsorption syndromes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of rotavirus infection?

<p>Severe diarrhea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is often associated with contaminated poultry?

<p>Salmonella</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection can be contracted through drinking contaminated water?

<p>Giardia lamblia infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial infection is usually associated with cooked rice that has been kept warm or reheated?

<p>Bacillus cereus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can Listeria monocytogenes cause in pregnant women?

<p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of Bacillary dysentery caused by Shigella?

<p>Watery diarrhea and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is diagnosis made for protozoan infections such as Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Stool sample sent to the laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does E. coli infections release into the body, which can cause kidney failure?

<p>$Toxins$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of giardiasis?

<p>$Foul-smelling diarrhoea$ and $abdominal pain$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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