Community Medicine Revision 3: NVBDCP Overview
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Which of the following diseases is NOT covered under the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program?

  • Dengue
  • Kala Azar
  • Chikungunya
  • Meningitis (correct)

    • What is the Annual Parasite Index (API) target for malaria set by the NVBDCP?

  • 5%
  • 15%
  • 20%
  • 10% (correct)

    • When is World Dengue Day observed?

  • 16th May (correct)
  • 15th July
  • 25th April
  • 30th January

    • Which month is designated as Anti Malaria Month according to NVBDCP?

    <p>June</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theme for World Neglected Tropical Disease Day?

    <p>Act now, Act together, Invest in neglected tropical diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment regime for P. vivax malaria?

    <p>Chloroquine + Primaquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding P. falciparum treatment is correct?

    <p>ACT-SP is used for P. falciparum treatment in north-eastern states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which trimester is Quinine salt indicated for P. falciparum in pregnancy?

    <p>1st Trimester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for P. falciparum and P. vivax co-infection?

    <p>Area specific ACT x 3d + Primaquine x 14d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of patients should avoid Primaquine treatment?

    <p>Pregnant women, infants, and those with G-6 PD deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of pigs in relation to Japanese Encephalitis?

    <p>They are the amplifying host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Japanese Encephalitis vaccine requires reconstitution with phosphate saline?

    <p>JE Live Vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timing for taking the short-term prophylaxis for Japanese Encephalitis before traveling to endemic areas?

    <p>2 to 3 weeks before travel, during travel, and up to 4 weeks after travel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a susceptible environment for Japanese Encephalitis?

    <p>Urban areas with heavy traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine policy is followed by the JE Killed Vaccine?

    <p>Open vial policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management drug of choice for Kala Azar?

    <p>Single Injection liposomal Amphotericin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is most commonly responsible for Bancroftian filariasis in India?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard for diagnosing Kala Azar?

    <p>Identification of LD Bodies from culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector is responsible for transmitting Lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Culex quinquefaciatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can unimmunized individuals receive the Japanese encephalitis killed vaccine?

    <p>15 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishing feature characterizes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)?

    <p>Bleeding from natural orifices with increased hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding dengue serotypes is accurate?

    <p>There are 4 distinct serotypes with no cross protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mosquito genus is primarily responsible for the transmission of malaria?

    <p>Anopheles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the parameters of the Torniquet test in diagnosing DHF indicate?

    <p>A positive result occurs with &gt; 20 petechiae per square inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) in malaria surveillance?

    <p>It calculates the percentage of slides examined relative to the population under surveillance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mosquito is known to lay its eggs in clean, stagnant water?

    <p>Anopheles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test for dengue is most effective within the first 5 days of fever?

    <p>NS-1 Antigen detection test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical resting position of Culex mosquitoes?

    <p>Hunch back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mosquito genus has a flight range of 100-200 meters?

    <p>Aedes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mosquito species is defined as exophilic and primarily bites during dawn and dusk?

    <p>Anopheles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Slide Positivity Rate (SPR) indicate in community medicine?

    <p>The outbreak status based on slide examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following rates is considered the better indicator for lymphatic filariasis by taking clinical disease prevalence into account?

    <p>Filarial endemicity rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the microfilarial density measure in lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>The intensity of infection expressed by MF per unit volume of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average infestation rate in the context of lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Average number of MF per positive slide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of lymphatic filariasis does the microfilaria rate specifically measure?

    <p>Proportion of individuals showing MF in their peripheral blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT classified under anti-larval measures?

    <p>Malathion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended personal protection for preventing mosquito bites?

    <p>Mosquito repellant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a biological control method for mosquitoes?

    <p>Gambusia fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical agent is primarily used as a contact poison in mosquito control?

    <p>Temephos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a prominent challenge associated with the use of DDT in mosquito control?

    <p>Development of resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most sensitive method for detecting lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Membrane filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of lymphedema presents with irreversible edema and skin fold thickening?

    <p>Lymphedema III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which time frame is the DEC provocation test ideally conducted?

    <p>10 pm to 2 am</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard dosage for Di-ethyl Carbamazine (DEC) in the treatment of lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>6 mg/kg per dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is specifically associated with chyluria in lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Milky appearance of urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP)

    • Covers diseases: Malaria, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, Chikungunya, Lymphatic Filariasis, Kala Azar.
    • World Neglected Tropical Disease Day: January 30 (Theme: Act now, Act together, Invest in neglected tropical diseases).
    • World Malaria Day: April 25.
    • World Dengue Day: May 16.
    • Anti Malaria Month: June; Anti Dengue Month: July.

    World Malaria Day 2023

    • Theme: Time to deliver zero malaria: Invest, innovate, implement.
    • Target for NVBDCP: Annual Parasite Index (API) to be less than 10% for malaria.
    • Goal: Elimination of lymphatic filariasis.

    Treatment of Malaria

    • P.vivax: Treated with Chloroquine (25 mg/kg over 3 days) and Primaquine (0.25 mg/kg for 14 days).
    • P.falciparum: Treated using Artesinin-based combination therapy (ACT); Chloroquine is ineffective.
      • Types of ACT:
        • ACT-SP: Artesunate + Sulphadoxine + Pyromethamine.
        • ACT-AL: Artemether + Lumefantrine.
      • Treatment varies by region; specific combinations prescribed based on geographical location.
    • P.falciparum in pregnancy:
      • 1st Trimester: Quinine salt.
      • 2nd Trimester: Area-specific ACT.
    • Contraindications for Primaquine: Pregnancy, infants, G-6 PD deficiency.

    Investigation and Management of Japanese Encephalitis (JE)

    • Hosts: Pigs as amplifying host, Ardeid birds and cows as maintenance hosts.
    • Transmission: Culex mosquitoes; humans are dead-end hosts.
    • Symptoms: Fever, altered mental status, severe headache.
    • Prevention: Live vaccines no longer used. Current use of killed vaccines, requiring specific storage and administration protocols.
    • Prophylaxis for travelers:
      • Short-term (6 weeks) with Mefloquine.

    Kala Azar

    • Vector: Sand fly; nocturnal, painful bites.
    • Diagnosis: Serological tests, RK 39 test, identification of Leishmania donovani bodies.
    • Management:
      • Treatment options include single injection of liposomal Amphotericin B and oral Miltefosine.

    Lymphatic Filariasis

    • Vectors include Culex quinquefasciatus (Bancroftian) and Mansonia (Brugian).
    • Causative organisms: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori.
    • Symptoms range from asymptomatic to various stages of lymphedema and complications like hydrocele.

    Diagnosis of Lymphatic Filariasis

    • Investigation methods include peripheral blood films and concentration techniques like membrane filtration.
    • DEC provocation test determines microfilaria presence.

    Management of Lymphatic Filariasis

    • Drug of choice: Di-ethyl Carbamazine (DEC) with bi-annual mass drug administration formats.
    • Recent updates include combination treatments with Albendazole and Ivermectin.

    Dengue

    • Comprised of 4 serotypes (DEN-1 to DEN-4); no cross-protection exists.
    • Disease presentations:
      • Dengue fever (DF): High fever, severe aches.
      • Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF): Bleeding and increased hematocrit.
      • Dengue shock syndrome (DSS): Critical low blood pressure.
    • Diagnosis involves NS-1 antigen detection or IgM antibody tests.

    NVBDCP Indicators

    • Malaria: Target Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) is less than 1 per 1,000.
    • Dengue: Indicates disease severity and prevalence through serological testing.

    Integrated Vector Control

    • Source Reduction: Removal of stagnant water for Anopheles, control of dirty water for Culex, maintaining clean habitats for Aedes.
    • Anti-Larval Measures: Use of chemical and physical larvicides.
    • Personal Protection: Bed nets and mosquito repellents.
    • Biological Control: Utilization of fish species like Gambusia for controlling mosquito populations.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the National Vector Borne Disease Control Program (NVBDCP) and its key aspects, including diseases like Malaria, Dengue, and Chikungunya. It also covers important awareness dates associated with these diseases. Test your knowledge and understanding of community medicine and vector-borne diseases.

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