Community Medicine Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is Community Medicine?

Community Medicine is a branch of medicine that focuses on providing preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative, and evaluative health services to the community as a whole, using an organized system of healthcare delivery.

What are the goals of Community Medicine? (Select all that apply)

  • Provide comprehensive healthcare services in an organized manner. (correct)
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare services delivered. (correct)
  • Provide comprehensive healthcare services to individuals.
  • Identify the health problems and needs of the community. (correct)
  • Promote research on new medical technologies.

Which of the following is NOT a difference between community medicine and hospital medicine?

  • Organizational framework: Community medicine uses both active and passive strategies, while hospital medicine primarily uses passive strategies.
  • Service area: Community medicine focuses on a defined geographic area, while hospital medicine draws patients from a broader catchment area.
  • Intersectoral coordination: Community medicine involves coordination between various health departments, while hospital medicine has limited intersectoral coordination.
  • Nature of care: Community medicine provides comprehensive care, while hospital medicine focuses primarily on curative care.
  • Funding sources: Community medicine relies solely on government funding, while hospital medicine relies on a mixture of private and public funding. (correct)

What is community diagnosis and how does it help?

<p>Community diagnosis is the process of identifying and quantifying health problems within a community, using morbidity and mortality rates as well as influencing factors. This helps prioritize health issues and develop effective control measures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a difference between clinical diagnosis and community diagnosis?

<p>Main goal: Clinical diagnosis aims to determine the cause of illness, while community diagnosis aims to understand the distribution of diseases in a population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the definition of health?

<p>Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of health according to the WHO definition?

<p>Financial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of a person being physically healthy? (Select all that apply)

<p>Sound sleep (B), Bright eyes (C), Clean skin (D), Good appetite (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a person's physical health be assessed?

<p>A person's physical health can be assessed through their medical history, a thorough clinical examination, and biochemical and laboratory investigations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign or indication of good mental health?

<p>Frequent mood swings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can a person's mental health be assessed?

<p>A person's mental health can be assessed by observing their behavior, attitude, and interactions with others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social health?

<p>Social health refers to a person's sense of belonging and acceptance within their community, including family, friends, colleagues, and neighbors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of disease?

<p>Disease disrupts the normal functions of the body or its organs, leading to a state of dis-ease or ill-health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of acquired diseases?

<p>Communicable and Non-communicable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are health determinants?

<p>Health determinants are factors that contribute to the health of individuals and communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a health determinant?

<p>Weather patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do genetics influence health?

<p>Genetics can influence susceptibility to certain diseases, either through inherited genetic predispositions or mutations that can lead to health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of the external environment that influence health?

<p>Physical, Biological, and Social (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does lifestyle affect health?

<p>Lifestyle choices, including diet, physical activity, substance use, and stress management, significantly impact health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does education influence health?

<p>Education empowers individuals with knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about their health, leading to better health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does occupation affect health?

<p>Some occupations may expose workers to health hazards, increasing their risk of certain diseases. Moreover, unemployment can have negative psychological and social impacts on health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does income influence health?

<p>Income level determines an individual's access to resources such as nutritious food, safe housing, healthcare services, and education, which in turn impact health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do available healthcare services impact health?

<p>Access to essential healthcare services, such as immunization, preventative care, and treatment for illnesses, is crucial for promoting health and reducing preventable diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a health service that can be provided in community medicine?

<p>Emergency surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary health concerns associated with an aging population?

<p>An aging population is associated with an increased prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities, requiring specialized healthcare services and community support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

COMMUNITY MEDICINE

Branch of medicine focused on health services for the community through preventive, curative, and rehabilitative care.

Goal of Community Medicine

Identify health problems of a population and provide comprehensive health care in an organized manner.

Community vs Hospital Medicine

Community medicine serves geographic areas while hospital medicine serves individuals from various areas.

Community Diagnosis

Identifying and quantifying health problems based on morbidity and mortality rates in a community.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical Diagnosis

Diagnosis made by a physician focused on individual patient care.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Community Diagnosis vs Clinical Diagnosis

Clinical is for individuals while community deals with population health.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Define Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just absence of disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Physical Health Assessment

Assessed by functioning organs, signs like clean skin, bright eyes, and absence of illness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mental Health Assessment

Mental health is assessed by behavior, attitude, and harmony with surroundings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Health

An individual is socially healthy when accepted and respected by peers and community.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spiritual Health

A holistic state where an individual finds a balance of body and mind.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Emotional Health

Characterized by self-control, lack of tension, and emotional stability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vocational Health

Ability to earn a living and lead a successful life.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Define Disease

A condition disrupting the body's functions, leading to illness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Types of Disease

Diseases can be congenital (birth-related) or acquired (infectious or non-infectious).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Health Determinants

Factors that affect health, including environment and lifestyle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic Factors

Genetic constitution at conception can lead to hereditary diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Factors

Includes internal bodily environment and external factors like air and culture.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lifestyle Influences

Cultural patterns and habits affecting health, linked to various diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Socioeconomic Impact: Education

Illiteracy is linked to higher morbidity; female literacy is critical.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Socioeconomic Impact: Occupation

Employment status correlates with health; unemployed face more health issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Socioeconomic Impact: Income

Income level determines living standards and health; poverty leads to specific diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Availability of Health Services

Access to services like immunization helps in disease prevention and health promotion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aging Population Impacts

Increasing older population leads to higher prevalence of chronic diseases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Importance of Gender in Health

Gender influences health access and outcomes; consider how it affects communities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Community Medicine

  • Branch of medicine focusing on preventative, promotive, curative, rehabilitative, and evaluative services for the community.
  • Delivery is via a comprehensive and organized healthcare system.

Goals of Community Medicine

  • Identify health problems and needs within a defined population.
  • Provide comprehensive healthcare (preventative, promotive, curative, rehabilitative) in an organized manner.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of provided services.

Community Medicine vs. Hospital Medicine

Feature Community Medicine Hospital Medicine
Service Area Defined geographic area Ill-defined catchment area
Operational Strategy Active and passive (providers and consumers on the move) Passive (patients seek treatment)
Organizational Framework Intersectoral coordination between health and related departments Limited intersectoral coordination
Nature of Care Comprehensive (preventative, promotive, curative, rehabilitative) Primarily curative

Community Diagnosis

  • Identifying and quantifying health problems within a community.
  • Uses morbidity and mortality rates (disease and death rates).
  • Includes factors influencing these rates.
  • Prioritizes problems and implements control measures.

Clinical vs. Community Diagnosis

Feature Clinical Diagnosis Community Diagnosis
Performer Physician Epidemiologist
Focus Individual case Defined population
Scope Sick people only Sick and healthy people
Methods Patient examination Surveys
Basis Signs and symptoms Natural history of disease
Investigations Laboratory tests Epidemiological investigations
Outcome Treatment plan Prevention/promotion plan
Focus Technological advances Statistical values
Follow-up Patient follow-up Program evaluation

Health Dimensions

  • WHO definition: State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely absence of disease.
  • Dimensions: Physical, mental, social, spiritual, emotional, vocational, and political.

Physical Health

  • Definition: Optimal functioning of all body organs and systems.
  • Signs: Clean skin, bright eyes, good appetite, sound sleep, regular bowel/bladder function, coordinated movements.
  • Assessment: Medical history, clinical examination, biochemical/laboratory tests.

Mental Health

  • Definition: Balanced state, harmonious relationships, normal memory/learning capacity, absence of internal conflicts, ability to accept criticism.
  • Assessment: Behavior, attitude.

Social Health

  • Definition: Acceptance, respect, and love from family, friends, colleagues, and others in society.

Spiritual Health

  • Definition: Holistic well-being; "Sound mind in a sound body."

Emotional Health

  • Definition: Absence of temper outbursts/tension, self-control.

Vocational Health

  • Definition: Ability to earn enough to lead a successful life.

Disease Definition

  • Definition: Condition where body functions are disrupted,.
  • Synonyms: No ease (opposite of health)

Types of Disease

  • Congenital: Present at birth.
  • Acquired:
    • Communicable/infectious
    • Non-communicable/non-infectious

Health Determinants

  • Factors influencing individual and community health.
  • Determined by circumstances and environment.

Health Determinants Factors

  • Genetics: Hereditary diseases like sickle cell disease. Prevented by genetic counseling.
  • Environment: Internal (organs/systems) and external (physical, biological, social).
  • Lifestyle: Habits (smoking, alcohol, multiple partners). Associated with many diseases.
  • Socioeconomic Conditions:
    • Education: Illiteracy associated with higher morbidity/mortality, especially female literacy.
    • Occupation: Unemployment linked to poor health. Specific occupations can negatively affect health.
    • Income: Crucial determinant of standard of living. Poverty linked to malnutrition, TB, and worm infestations. Affluence associated with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
  • Health Services: Availability of preventative and promotive services important for health.
  • Aging Population: Increased prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities.
  • Gender
  • Others (Information and communication, science and technology, human rights and equity and social justice)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

1 Public Health
5 questions

1 Public Health

kuromi x mymelody avatar
kuromi x mymelody
Introduction to Public Health
50 questions

Introduction to Public Health

ManeuverableFlute avatar
ManeuverableFlute
2º Parcial de Medicina da Comunidade
8 questions

2º Parcial de Medicina da Comunidade

WorthwhileChrysoprase4898 avatar
WorthwhileChrysoprase4898
Community Medicine and Screening Techniques
20 questions

Community Medicine and Screening Techniques

EnchantedChocolate avatar
EnchantedChocolate
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser