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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a community assessment?
Which data collection method involves driving or walking through the community?
What type of assessment employs random sampling?
Which method helps understand community values and norms through immersion?
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What role do community forums play in health assessment?
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Which of the following is a secondary data source for community health assessments?
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What is the focus of a problem-oriented assessment?
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Who are typically considered key informants for health assessments?
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What is the maximum time allowed for reporting birth and death events?
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What is the purpose of the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)?
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Which of the following are examples of data presentation methods?
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What is NOT a responsibility of health workers regarding target client lists?
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How often is census data collected?
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What is one of the critical uses of health assessment tools?
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What type of graph is best for showing trends over time?
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Which of the following best describes the role of disease registries?
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Study Notes
Community Health Assessment Overview
- A community assessment identifies the assets, needs and resources of a community to guide actions that improve community health.
- Involves gathering primary data from direct sources and secondary data from existing records or reports.
Primary Data Sources
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Ocular Survey/ Windshield Survey:
- A rapid observational method conducted by driving or walking through the community to assess:
- People (demographics, behavior)
- Environment (condition of housing, infrastructure)
- Existing facilities (availability of health resources)
- A rapid observational method conducted by driving or walking through the community to assess:
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Participant Observation:
- Purposeful immersion into community life to observe:
- Formal activities like barangay assemblies or church meetings
- Informal settings such as sari-sari stores or schools
- Helps understand community values, norms, priorities, and power structures
- Purposeful immersion into community life to observe:
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Surveys:
- Used to collect data when no prior information is available.
- Surveys empower the community by making them aware of health problems, encouraging participation, and fostering a sense of ownership.
- Types:
- Comprehensive Needs Assessment (random sampling)
- Problem-Oriented Assessment (purposive sampling)
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Informant Interviews:
- Interviews with key informants (nurses, community leaders) or ordinary members to gather perceptions about health.
- Structured or unstructured interviews
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Community Forum:
- Open meetings where people can express their views on health issues, influence decision-makers, and validate secondary data
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Focus Groups:
- Smaller, homogeneous groups to assess the specific needs of particular population segments
Secondary Data Sources
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Vital Events Registry:
- Registration of births, marriages, and deaths is mandated by the Civil Registration Law (Act 3753) and Local Government Code (RA 7160).
- The PSA (Philippine Statistics Authority) serves as the central repository for these records.
- Birth and death events must be reported within 30 days, with specific guidelines for who is responsible (facility administrator, attending physician, parents, etc.).
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Health Records and Reports:
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Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS):
- A government-mandated system for recording health data at local levels, such as Barangay Health Stations (BHS) or Rural Health Units (RHUs).
- Data recorded is used for monitoring health programs, priority setting, and decision-making.
- Target Client Lists: These are used by health workers to track eligible populations for various health services (prenatal care, family planning, tuberculosis control, etc.).
-
Disease Registries:
- Listings of individuals diagnosed with specific diseases for monitoring purposes (e.g., HIV/AIDS, cancer, diabetes).
-
Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS):
-
Census Data:
- Conducted every 10 years to provide information on population, employment, family income, etc., which can be used for assessing community health needs.
Methods for Presenting Data
- Bar Graphs: To compare values across different categories.
- Line Graphs: To show trends over time.
- Pie Charts: For percentage distributions.
- Scatter Plots: To show correlations between two variables.
Importance of Health Assessment Tools
- These tools are critical for:
- Planning and decision-making at various levels (barangay, municipal, district, etc.).
- Monitoring health programs and evaluating their effectiveness.
- Empowering communities by involving them in the process of identifying and addressing health needs.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of community health assessment, highlighting the importance of identifying community assets, needs, and resources. It covers primary data collection methods such as ocular surveys, participant observation, and surveys to improve community health outcomes.
