Community Health and Behavior Change Quiz

Community Health Nursing

• Community health nursing focuses on community well-being
• Population is a group of people in a specific area, with shared or no traits
• Aggregate is a group of people loosely connected, for a common purpose or event
• Public health aims to improve community health by creating healthy conditions
• Public health nursing focuses on populations, not individuals

Defining Communities

• Communities share common interests, forming a sense of unity
• Geographic communities are defined by physical location
• Common interest communities are based on shared interests
• Community of solution communities focus on addressing specific issues

Types of Prevention

• Primary prevention: Prevents diseases before they occur (e.g., vaccinations, healthy diet)
• Secondary prevention: Detects and treats diseases early (e.g., screenings like mammograms)
• Tertiary prevention: Manages and improves quality of life for those with existing conditions (e.g., rehabilitation programs)

Community Health Nursing Characteristics

• Focus on the entire population as the primary client
• Prioritize disease prevention
• Aim to benefit the greatest number of people
• Partner with clients as equals
• Utilize resources efficiently for optimal health outcomes
• Improve social, environmental, and economic conditions for health
• Proactively reach out to those in need
• Collaborate with other professionals and organizations to enhance community health

Core Public Health Functions

• Assessment: Collect, analyze, and disseminate community health information
• Policy Development: Create evidence-based health policies
• Assurance: Ensure essential health services are accessible and available to the population

Public Health Nursing Roles

• Clinician: Provides direct patient care (immunizations, administering medication)
• Educator: Teaches health promotion and prevention (workshops, education programs)
• Advocate: Supports patients to access healthcare needs (e.g., helping those with low income to get health insurance)
• Manager: Organizes and oversees health programs (managing public health vaccination campaigns)
• Collaborator: Works with other healthcare professionals (partnership with schools, creating mental health programs)
• Leader: Influences public health initiatives (leads a task force)
• Researcher: Collects data to improve health practices (researching effectiveness of community health projects)

Community Health Practice Settings

• Home: Providing healthcare services in patients' homes
• Schools: Promoting health and well-being for students (education programs, wellness programs)
• Ambulatory Services: Providing outpatient care in clinics and doctor's offices
• Occupational Health: Focusing on workplace safety and health
• Residential Institutions: Caring for residents in long-term care facilities
• Faith Communities: Incorporating health promotion in religious settings
• Community-at-Large: Working with community organizations to address health issues

Essential Public Health Services

• Monitor health status: Identify and solve community health problems
• Diagnose & investigate: Addressing health problems and hazards
• Inform, educate, and empower: Promoting awareness about health issues
• Mobilize community partnerships: Working with groups to address health concerns
• Develop policies and plans: Creating strategies to support community health
• Enforce laws and regulations: Ensuring health and safety rules are upheld
• Link people to needed services: Improving healthcare accessibility
• Ensure a competent workforce: Maintaining skilled healthcare professionals
• Evaluate services: Assessing the effectiveness of health programs
• Research for new solutions: Developing innovative strategies

Community as a Client

• Community is a client when public health interventions focus on improving population well-being.
• The three dimensions of a community as a client are: Status, Structure, Process
• Healthy communities have characteristics supporting well-being (prevent diseases, prioritize health equity, strengthen societal and economic health)
• Community as a client means improving health outcomes for a population, using social determinants, policies, and environmental elements

Epidemiologic Concepts

• Epidemiology: study of how diseases spread, causes, interventions to prevent and control
• Epidemiologic Triangle (Host, Agent, Environmental factors)
• Calculating rates: Incidence, Prevalance, Case-fatality, Mortality, Birth rates

Experimental and Observational Epidemiology

• Experimental Epidemiology: conducting experiments to study health factors (new treatment trials)
• Epidemiologic Information (Vital, Census, Disease registrations, Surveillance systems,etc)