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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of diverse communities?
Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of diverse communities?
- Increased likelihood of invasive species (correct)
- Increased resilience to environmental change
- Increased productivity
- Increased stability
What are some advantages of diverse communities?
What are some advantages of diverse communities?
Diverse communities can be more productive, stable, resilient to environmental change, and harder to invade. However, they can also be a source of new pests.
What is the definition of a community in ecology?
What is the definition of a community in ecology?
- A group of ecosystems that interact with each other
- A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area
- A group of populations of different species living close enough to potentially interact with each other (correct)
- A group of individuals of different species living in the same area
What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific interactions?
What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific interactions?
Can herbivory always be considered a type of predation?
Can herbivory always be considered a type of predation?
How is community structure determined?
How is community structure determined?
What determines the position of a species in the food chain?
What determines the position of a species in the food chain?
What are the different scales at which ecology can be studied?
What are the different scales at which ecology can be studied?
What is the effect of bottom-up controls on a community?
What is the effect of bottom-up controls on a community?
What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?
What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?
What are bottom-up controls and how do they affect communities?
What are bottom-up controls and how do they affect communities?
What is commensalism?
What is commensalism?
What is succession?
What is succession?
What is succession and what causes it?
What is succession and what causes it?
What is mutualism?
What is mutualism?
What is the concept of ecological niche?
What is the concept of ecological niche?
What are some prey defense mechanisms against predators?
What are some prey defense mechanisms against predators?
What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific interactions?
What is the difference between intraspecific and interspecific interactions?
What is island biogeography theory and how does it determine the number of species on an island?
What is island biogeography theory and how does it determine the number of species on an island?
What is the effect of adding both nutrients and predators to a lake ecosystem?
What is the effect of adding both nutrients and predators to a lake ecosystem?
Can predation have implications for evolution?
Can predation have implications for evolution?
What is predation?
What is predation?
How do trophic levels determine position in a food chain/web?
How do trophic levels determine position in a food chain/web?
Why are plant and animal life generally more abundant and diverse in the tropics?
Why are plant and animal life generally more abundant and diverse in the tropics?
What is the definition of parasitism?
What is the definition of parasitism?
What is the effect of disturbance on a community?
What is the effect of disturbance on a community?
What is the difference between predation and herbivory?
What is the difference between predation and herbivory?
What is niche partitioning and how does it affect species interactions?
What is niche partitioning and how does it affect species interactions?
What factors contribute to the higher abundance and diversity of plant and animal life in the tropics?
What factors contribute to the higher abundance and diversity of plant and animal life in the tropics?
What is the concept of ecological niche?
What is the concept of ecological niche?
How can competition impact communities?
How can competition impact communities?
What is island biogeography theory?
What is island biogeography theory?
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Study Notes
This text appears to be a mixture of lecture notes and instructions for an ecology class. It covers topics such as community ecology, species interactions, niche partitioning, mimicry, diversity indices, and biodiversity. There are also references to assignments, quizzes, and exam reviews.- Diverse communities:
- can be more productive
- can be more stable (less variable biomass over time)
- can be more resilient to environmental change
- can be harder to invade
- can also be a bigger source of new pests
Untreated ash trees in 2006 and 2009, Toledo Ohio. Photo by Daniel Herms
- Community structure is determined by feeding relationships
- Trophic levels determine position in the food chain
- Arrows follow the path of energy through a food chain/web
- Trophic position of a species is not fixed; species feed at more than one trophic level
- Bottom-up controls affect the amount of resources or the quality of the environment (e.g. temperature, nutrients, availability of prey)
- Top-down controls are the number of parasites or predators consuming that species
In this food chain, how would you expect the abundance of different trophic levels to change if you added a trophic level (the tertiary consumer)? A) All species would decrease by the same amount B) Trophic levels 1 and 3 would decrease, 2 would increase C) Trophic levels 1 and 3 would increase, 2 would decrease D) Only trophic level 1 would decrease E) Only trophic level 3 would decrease
- When only nutrients were added to Long Lake in Michigan, there was more algae and small fish
- When both nutrients and predators were added, there were more zooplankton and predators
- Succession is the process of change in the species composition of an ecological community over time; it occurs due to changes in resources and microclimate, changes in life history of species, and competition between species
- Disturbance is any event, such as a storm or fire, that changes a community by removing organisms or altering resource availability
- Plant and animal life are generally more abundant and diverse in the tropics due to their age and evapotranspiration
- Island biogeography theory determines the number of species on an island based on the rate at which new species immigrate and the rate at which species become extinct, as well as physical features affecting immigration and extinction such as size and distance from mainland.
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