Podcast
Questions and Answers
Define community.
Define community.
Group of different species within a set space that interact and impart change onto each other.
Define community ecology.
Define community ecology.
Study of how the different species within a community interact to create a functional existence.
What is tolerance range?
What is tolerance range?
A species will spread itself out within a given space according to its specific tolerance range.
What dictates tolerance range?
What dictates tolerance range?
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What does tolerance range define?
What does tolerance range define?
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Sometimes different communities can be distinguished by sharp division due to?
Sometimes different communities can be distinguished by sharp division due to?
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What is an ecotone?
What is an ecotone?
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Why is it more likely the divide between communities is not sharp?
Why is it more likely the divide between communities is not sharp?
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What is an ecological niche?
What is an ecological niche?
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Give examples of ecological niche.
Give examples of ecological niche.
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What is a fundamental niche?
What is a fundamental niche?
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What is a realized niche?
What is a realized niche?
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What are the types of ecological interactions?
What are the types of ecological interactions?
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Effects of competition does harm to both parties.
Effects of competition does harm to both parties.
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Effects of mutualism benefits both parties.
Effects of mutualism benefits both parties.
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Effects of predation/parasitism does harm to one and benefit the other.
Effects of predation/parasitism does harm to one and benefit the other.
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Effects of commensalism benefits one while the other is unaffected.
Effects of commensalism benefits one while the other is unaffected.
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Effect of amensalism harms one while the other is unaffected.
Effect of amensalism harms one while the other is unaffected.
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Define competition.
Define competition.
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What are the two forms of competition?
What are the two forms of competition?
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Define interspecific competition.
Define interspecific competition.
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Define intraspecific competition.
Define intraspecific competition.
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Define consumptive competition.
Define consumptive competition.
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Give an example of competition.
Give an example of competition.
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What is the competitor exclusion principle?
What is the competitor exclusion principle?
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Prey defenses are stimulated by the ongoing threat of predators.
Prey defenses are stimulated by the ongoing threat of predators.
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What are types of prey defenses?
What are types of prey defenses?
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Define mechanical defenses.
Define mechanical defenses.
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Define safety in numbers.
Define safety in numbers.
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Define coloration.
Define coloration.
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What are mimicry forms?
What are mimicry forms?
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Define Müllerian mimicry.
Define Müllerian mimicry.
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Give an example of Müllerian mimicry.
Give an example of Müllerian mimicry.
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Define Batesian mimicry.
Define Batesian mimicry.
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Give an example of Batesian mimicry.
Give an example of Batesian mimicry.
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Define symbiosis.
Define symbiosis.
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Study Notes
Community and Community Ecology
- A community consists of multiple species within a specific area, interacting and influencing one another.
- Community ecology examines the interactions among species in a community, focusing on how these relationships create functional ecosystems.
Tolerance Range
- Tolerance range determines where a species can distribute itself, influenced by its specific environmental limits.
- Factors dictating tolerance range include life cycle traits, interspecies interactions, and the individual species' survival capabilities in varying abiotic conditions.
- A species' tolerance range helps define the community's species composition.
Community Distinctions
- Sharp boundaries between communities often arise from significant biotic or abiotic environmental changes.
- However, communities are typically not sharply defined due to gradual environmental gradients, leading to intermingling.
Ecological Niche
- An ecological niche describes the specific role of a species within its community, considering both biotic and abiotic factors.
- Examples of ecological niches include habitat, food sources, and predator-prey relationships.
Niche Types
- Fundamental niche: Theoretical niche an organism could occupy without any restrictions from other species, based exclusively on abiotic conditions.
- Realized niche: The actual niche a species occupies, accounting for competition and predation within a community.
Interactions in Ecology
- Various interactions define relationships among species:
- Competition: Negative impact on both parties.
- Mutualism: Benefits both species involved.
- Predation/Parasitism: Harms one organism while benefiting another.
- Commensalism: One organism benefits, and the other remains unaffected.
- Amensalism: One species is harmed while the other is unaffected.
Competition Dynamics
- Competition occurs when multiple organisms vie for resources such as food and space.
- It's categorized into:
- Interspecific competition: Between different populations.
- Intraspecific competition: Within a single population.
- Consumptive competition involves organisms competing for identical nutrients.
Competitive Exclusion Principle
- Two species cannot coexist indefinitely if they share the same niche; one species will dominate, forcing the other to adapt or perish.
Prey Defenses
- Ongoing threats from predators stimulate the evolution of prey defenses.
- Types of prey defenses include:
- Mechanical defenses: Physical traits that deter predators.
- Safety in numbers: Group protection against predation.
- Colouration: Cryptic or warning colors that can confuse or deter predators.
- Mimicry: Adaptations where one species resembles another to avoid predation.
Mimicry Types
- Mullerian mimicry: Harmful prey species resemble one another, reinforcing avoidance by predators.
- Batesian mimicry: Harmless prey mimics the appearance of harmful prey, deterring predators due to mistaken identity.
Symbiosis
- Symbiosis refers to the close association and co-evolution of different species, resulting in varying levels of interaction and impact between them.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of community ecology with these flashcards. Learn about key definitions, concepts, and the interactions between different species within a community. Perfect for students studying ecology or related fields.