Communication - The Process

Study Notes

Communication involves sending or receiving messages, suggesting a one-way and a shared approach.
Defined by Black and Bryant as the process of sharing meaning, transmitting information, ideas, attitudes, or emotions.
Communication can occur over large distances in both space and time.
Not all communication requires simultaneous participation; some can occur asynchronously.
Thinking is recognized as a form of communication.

Systematic: Comprised of interactive elements influencing the entire communication system.
Dynamic: An ongoing process with no definite beginning or end.
Meaning is personally constructed: The significance of messages resides in the individuals, not merely in the words used.
Symbolic Interaction: Language serves as a symbol, where the medium shapes the message (e.g., different communication platforms).

Elements include Source, Message, Channel, Receiver, Effect, Feedback, and Source again.
Source: The individual or group initiating the communication, often called the encoder.
Receiver: The target of the communication; they engage with the message through listening or reading.
Message: Represents the idea, purpose, or intended information encoded into symbols.
- Message Code: Symbol groups constructed meaningfully.
- Message Content: The selected material by the source to express purpose.
- Message Treatment: The arrangement of codes and content by the source.
Channel (Medium): The method for encoding/decoding messages, such as speaking or visual aids. Influenced by availability, cost, and audience reach.
Effect: The outcome or response of the receiver to the message; can align with or differ from the source's intent.
- Overt Effects: Observable responses, such as body language or actions.
- Covert Effects: Non-visible responses that might be significant.

Feedback represents responses to communication, serving as a loop within the process.
Includes both verbal and non-verbal elements, such as replies, reactions, and responses.
Internal feedback occurs when individuals communicate with themselves, assessing their encoded messages.

Understanding the communication process, its attributes, and Berlo’s model are crucial for effective communication.
Recognizing the roles of sender, receiver, and feedback will enhance comprehension and practical application.
Focus on examples of overt and covert effects to clarify response types in communication scenarios.

Good luck with the quiz next week!