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Questions and Answers

What is broadband technology?

  • A type of internet service provider
  • A type of real-time voice transmission
  • A type of medium with lower bandwidth
  • A type of medium with greater bandwidth or transmission capacity (correct)

    • What is the main objective of the Broadband Policy in India?

  • To deploy only 2G technology
  • To establish a regulatory framework for the carriage and the content of information (correct)
  • To establish a regulatory framework for real-time voice transmission
  • To provide internet services only in urban areas

    • What is the significance of socio-economy in the field of communication?

  • It has no role in the field of communication
  • It is crucial for the development of data, audio, video, and speech applications (correct)
  • It is only relevant to internet service providers
  • It is important for the development of real-time voice transmission

    • What is the primary factor that shapes technological divisions in the later stage of development?

    <p>Geography and infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of service providers and customers in terms of communication?

    <p>Economy with the fastest tool of communication and more throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of the Government of India's Broadband Policy for towns with a population greater than 2 lakhs?

    <p>To provide high-speed data and multimedia capability using new technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is used to serve densely populated areas with little infrastructure and unwired business districts?

    <p>LMDS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of broadband technology in communication systems?

    <p>It is one of the latest trends in enhancing communication systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the decline of ISDN?

    <p>Availability of newer technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries already has broadband access to services such as movies on demand?

    <p>Singapore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of research and development efforts in telecom technologies?

    <p>It is important for strengthening research and development efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of broadband interactive multimedia services?

    <p>It allows for high-speed transmission of voice, video, and data over networks like the Internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of satellite technology in broadband access?

    <p>Serving rural areas with low population densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of xDSL technology?

    <p>Uses existing telephone cooper cabling infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main category of xDSL technology that is asymmetric?

    <p>ADSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of xDSL technology?

    <p>HDSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has emerged with the evolution of packet switching network?

    <p>Support for effective fast communication for new applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why businesses couldn't take advantage of technology benefits?

    <p>Lack of bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three general categories of residential broadband applications according to Kim Maxwell?

    <p>Professional, entertainment, and consumer activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is converging voice and data network promising to be implemented as?

    <p>Nodes in a neighborhood or remote switches in regional locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is insufficient and inconvenient for small businesses?

    <p>Narrowband dial-up access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not supporting effective fast communication for new applications?

    <p>Traditional circuit switching network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge for businesses in terms of technology?

    <p>Taking advantage of technology benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is now part of the fabric of doing business?

    <p>The Internet, e-mail, web sites, software downloads, file transfers, and more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of data that can be received using ordinary modems?

    <p>56 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the digital data when it arrives at the telephone company?

    <p>It is converted to analog form and then back to digital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of xDSL technology?

    <p>It transmits digital data directly as digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of a POTS network?

    <p>300Hz to 3,400Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ISDN?

    <p>To provide a limited precursor to DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is analog transmission a bandwidth bottleneck?

    <p>Because it uses a small portion of the available bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does xDSL technology increase the data rate?

    <p>By using a wider frequency range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of xDSL technology in terms of phone usage?

    <p>It allows simultaneous use of phone and computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the data into two bit streams in CAP?

    <p>To make the modems symbol rate adaptive to varying line conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using frequency division multiplexing in CAP?

    <p>It eliminates the need for echo cancellation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of subcarriers used in DMT modulation?

    <p>256</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of bits that can be transmitted in each channel in DMT modulation?

    <p>15 bits/Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each subchannel in DMT modulation?

    <p>To adapt to different impairments in different lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the DMT symbol encoder?

    <p>To assign each bit to one of N complex (QAM) multi-level sub-channel symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using IFFT in DMT modulation?

    <p>To convert the signal to its time-domain representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using FFT in DMT modulation?

    <p>To convert the signal to its frequency-domain representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is typically used in wireline access technology?

    <p>IP based Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a wireless access technology?

    <p>Wi-Fi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is used in wireless access technology?

    <p>Core Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is used by CATV operators?

    <p>Cable Modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Network Provider in broadband services?

    <p>To provide services offered to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is used by competitive players in Asian countries?

    <p>Wireless Technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a wireline access technology?

    <p>DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for the technologies used to connect customers to broadband services?

    <p>Broadband Access Technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of FMT modulation?

    <p>Better frequency band utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of echo cancellation techniques in DMT?

    <p>To overcome overlapping channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between DMT and DWMT?

    <p>Type of transform used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key benefit of DMT xDSL transceivers?

    <p>High reliability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IFFT module in FMT?

    <p>To modulate the signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of FMT modulation?

    <p>Implementation complexity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of FMT modulation over DMT?

    <p>Reduced out-of-band emission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the FIR filter in FMT?

    <p>To filter the input signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Broadband Policy in India?

    <p>To facilitate development of national infrastructure for an information-based society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of broadband technology in enhancing communication systems?

    <p>It increases the transmission capacity of a medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of providing broadband interactive multimedia services to users?

    <p>To provide high-speed data and multimedia capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of socio-economy in the field of communication?

    <p>It plays an important role in the field of communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of deploying state-of-the-art technologies in broadband?

    <p>It facilitates the introduction of new services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target population for providing internet services under the Broadband Policy?

    <p>Panchayat (village) level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the objective of research and development efforts in telecom technologies?

    <p>To strengthen research and development efforts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of service providers and customers in terms of communication?

    <p>Economy with the fastest tool of communication with more throughput</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in current Internet development?

    <p>Access network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement of users for broadband access?

    <p>Higher bandwidth and lower cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emerging to meet the challenging demands of broadband access?

    <p>A variety of broadband access technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term 'broadband' commonly referred to?

    <p>High-speed Internet access that is always on and faster than traditional dial-up access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some of the high-speed transmission technologies included in broadband?

    <p>Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) and Cable Modem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of broadband communication over power lines?

    <p>To catch the market share</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are current service providers building new multimedia networks?

    <p>To meet the challenges and competitions in the new millennium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of broadband access networks in the global communication infrastructure?

    <p>To connect millions of users to the Internet, providing various services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'broadband' indicate?

    <p>A means of connectivity at a high or 'broad' bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a definition of broadband according to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)?

    <p>An advanced telecommunications capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum download speed of broadband connectivity in India?

    <p>512 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of broadband connectivity in India?

    <p>Always-on data connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of upstream and downstream speed of broadband?

    <p>128 Kbps to 100 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Broadband Policy in India?

    <p>Not specified in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for evolving digital technologies that provide customers a high-speed data network connection?

    <p>Broadband</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Point Of Presence (POP) in broadband connectivity?

    <p>To aggregate individual broadband connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the modulation technique that represents data by differing amplitudes and phase shift keying?

    <p>QAM modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of removing bandwidth limiting devices such as loading coils in xDSL installations?

    <p>To increase the frequency range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between QAM and CAP modulation?

    <p>QAM uses in-phase and quadrature components, while CAP does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the data into two bit streams in CAP modulation?

    <p>To simplify the modulation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range of the narrow-band ISDN?

    <p>Under 100kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Constellation Encoder in CAP modulation?

    <p>To map the incoming data into two streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the modulation technique that is also known as I&Q modulation?

    <p>QAM modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of installing xDSL equipment on both ends of the copper wire?

    <p>To allow the copper wire to sustain higher frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum bandwidth required to deliver broadcast quality video?

    <p>6.0 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of virtual networks in the context of multimedia services?

    <p>Flexibility in accessing various services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of distance learning in the context of broadband connectivity?

    <p>Increased accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of telemedicine in the context of broadband connectivity?

    <p>Remote consultations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of telework in the context of broadband connectivity?

    <p>Remote access to head offices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why high definition television (HDTV) requires a high bandwidth?

    <p>High quality video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the data into two bit streams in CAP?

    <p>To change the bit rate, causing modems to be symbol rate adaptive to varying line conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of videoconferencing in the context of distance learning?

    <p>Real-time interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of bits that can be transmitted in each channel in DMT modulation?

    <p>15 bits/Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of broadband connectivity in terms of multimedia services?

    <p>Flexibility in accessing various services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the DMT symbol encoder?

    <p>To assign or map each bit into one of N complex (QAM) multi-level sub-channel symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using IFFT in DMT modulation?

    <p>To convert the signal to its time-domain representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using frequency division multiplexing in CAP?

    <p>To eliminate the need for echo cancellation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of CAP?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each subchannel in DMT modulation?

    <p>To send more data in those with higher quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of subcarriers used in DMT modulation?

    <p>256 channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why analog transmission is a bandwidth bottleneck?

    <p>Because it uses a very small portion of the available bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of xDSL technology?

    <p>It allows for the transmission of digital data directly as digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of data that can be received using ordinary modems?

    <p>56 Kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the digital data when it arrives at the telephone company?

    <p>It is converted to analog form and then back to digital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of dividing the bandwidth in xDSL technology?

    <p>To separate the signal for phone and computer use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range used by xDSL technology?

    <p>Above 3,400Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using xDSL technology?

    <p>It allows for higher data rates than ordinary modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between xDSL technology and ordinary modems?

    <p>xDSL technology uses a wider bandwidth, while ordinary modems use a narrower bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a digital wavelet transform in DWMT modulation?

    <p>To provide better sub-channel isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of FMT modulation over DMT modulation?

    <p>It utilizes the frequency band more efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the IFFT module in the FMT transmitter?

    <p>To convert serial data to parallel data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are echo cancellation techniques needed in DMT modulation?

    <p>Because DMT upstream and downstream channels overlap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a filter-bank in FMT modulation?

    <p>To divide the data into multiple streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of DMT modulation over FMT modulation?

    <p>It is more reliable and has a higher grade of performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a P/S converter in FMT modulation?

    <p>To convert parallel data to serial data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of FMT modulation?

    <p>It is used for VDSL technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of traditional circuit switching networks?

    <p>Not supporting effective fast communication for new applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common challenge faced by small businesses when using narrowband dial-up access?

    <p>It takes too long to do basic tasks, like downloading a large file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three general categories of residential broadband applications according to Kim Maxwell?

    <p>Professional activities, entertainment activities, and consumer activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why service providers converge voice and data networks?

    <p>To promise implementation as nodes in a neighborhood or remote switches in regional locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that hinders businesses from taking advantage of technology benefits?

    <p>Lack of bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has emerged with the evolution of packet switching networks?

    <p>Broadband access technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current state of narrowband dial-up access for small businesses?

    <p>Insufficient and inconvenient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is now part of the fabric of doing business?

    <p>The Internet, e-mail, web sites, software downloads, file transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum bandwidth theoretically achievable with xDSL technology?

    <p>8.448 megabits per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signal is used for traditional phone service?

    <p>Analog signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a modem in traditional phone service?

    <p>To convert analog signal to digital information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cables are used in traditional phone service?

    <p>Twisted pair copper wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of xDSL technology over traditional phone service?

    <p>It allows for greater bandwidth with which to send and receive information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the development of xDSL technology?

    <p>Competition from competing access providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information can be transmitted continuously using xDSL technology?

    <p>Motion video, audio, and even 3-D effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of xDSL technology?

    <p>Distance limitations and line quality conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is typically used in wireline access technology?

    <p>IP based Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is used by CATV operators?

    <p>Cable Modems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Network Provider in broadband services?

    <p>To provide the services offered to customers through the access extended by Access Provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is used by competitive players in Asian countries?

    <p>Wireless Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a wireline access technology?

    <p>DSL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is used in wireless access technology?

    <p>Wireless Network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies is used in wireline access technology?

    <p>Optical Fiber Technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for the technologies used to connect customers to broadband services?

    <p>Access Technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of electronic commerce?

    <p>It allows users to pay for goods and services using the Internet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of throughput for Narrow Band communication?

    <p>2.4 kbps – 128 kbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of broadband communication technology?

    <p>Wireline Technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a wireless access technology?

    <p>Cellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of service providers in broadband services?

    <p>To provide broadband services to customers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of rural zones with electronic commerce?

    <p>They can access specialist opinions from remote hospitals quickly and efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of wireline access technology?

    <p>Optical Fiber Technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of broadband services?

    <p>It allows users to access services independently of their location and time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main challenge in current Internet development?

    <p>The access network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary requirement of users in terms of broadband access?

    <p>Higher bandwidth and lower cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term 'broadband' commonly referring to?

    <p>High-speed Internet access that is always on and faster than traditional dial-up access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an emerging broadband access technology?

    <p>ISDN technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DSL and cable modem technologies?

    <p>To provide high-speed access over copper wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of broadband access networks?

    <p>To provide various services, including integrated voice, data, and video</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is driving the development of new multimedia networks?

    <p>Deregulation and fierce competition among operators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of broadband access?

    <p>Faster than traditional dial-up access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Broadband Technology

    • Broadband technology allows for high-speed transmission of voice, video, and data over networks like the Internet.
    • It involves the use of greater bandwidth or transmission capacity of a medium.

    Implementation of Broadband

    • The Indian government has formulated a Broadband Policy to strengthen broadband penetration.
    • The policy aims to:
      • Establish a regulatory framework for the carriage and content of information.
      • Facilitate the development of national infrastructure for an information-based society.
      • Make available broadband interactive multimedia services to users in the public network.
      • Provide high-speed data and multimedia capability to towns with a population greater than 2 lakhs.
      • Make available Internet services at the panchayat (village) level for access to information.

    Need of Broadband

    • Broadband is essential for socio-economic development, as it enables fast communication for various applications.
    • Traditional circuit switching networks are not suitable for effective and fast communication.
    • Packet switching networks have emerged as a solution, allowing for communication of data with different throughputs.

    Applications of Broadband

    • Broadband applications can be categorized into three groups:
      • Professional activities (related to employment).
      • Entertainment activities (game playing, movie watching, etc.).
      • Consumer activities (all other non-employment and non-entertainment activities).

    xDSL Technology

    • xDSL (Digital Subscriber Lines) technologies include ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, and VDSL.
    • xDSL is backed by telephone companies to provide high-bandwidth services using existing telephone copper cabling infrastructure.
    • xDSL allows digital data to be transmitted directly, eliminating the need for analog conversion.
    • This enables a much wider bandwidth for transmitting data, making it possible to achieve higher data rates.

    How DSL Works

    • xDSL technology utilizes frequencies above the telephone bandwidth (300Hz to 3,400Hz) to encode more data.
    • CAP (Carrierless Amplitude and Phase) modulation is used to split data into two bit streams and adapt to varying line conditions.
    • DMT (Discrete MultiTone) modulation is used to distribute data over multiple subcarriers, each using QAM modulation.

    Advantages of xDSL

    • xDSL technology offers higher data rates compared to traditional modems.
    • It allows for simultaneous use of telephone and computer on the same line.
    • Implementation costs are relatively low.

    Broadband Solutions

    • Represent the convergence of multiple independent networks (voice, video, and data) into a single, unified, broadband network.

    Definition of Broadband

    • A non-specific term for high-speed digital Internet access.
    • Indicates a means of connectivity at a high or 'broad' bandwidth.
    • Defined by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as an advanced telecommunications capability.
    • In India, broadband connectivity is defined as an 'always-on' data connection with a minimum download speed of 512 kbps.

    Characteristics of Broadband

    • Refers to greater bandwidth or transmission capacity of a medium.
    • Allows for high-speed transmission of voice, video, and data over networks like the Internet.

    Implementation of Broadband in India

    • The Government of India has formulated a Broadband Policy with objectives to:
      • Establish a regulatory framework for the carriage and content of information in the scenario of convergence.
      • Facilitate development of national infrastructure for an information-based society.
      • Make available broadband interactive multimedia services to users in the public network.

    Need of Broadband

    • Essential for socio-economic development in the field of communication of data, audio, video, speech, or any other kind of application.
    • Provides economy with the fastest tool of communication and more throughput.

    Wireline and Wireless Technologies

    • Wireline technologies include:
      • Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on copper loop.
      • Optical Fiber Technologies.
      • Cable TV Network.
      • PLC (Power Line Communication).
    • Wireless technologies include:
      • Satellite Media.
      • Terrestrial Wireless.
      • 3G Mobile.
      • Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity).
      • WiMax.
      • LMDS and MMDS.
      • FSO (Free Space Optics).

    Broadband Network

    • The broadband services reached to customers through three providers: Service Provider, Network Provider, and Access Provider.
    • Wireline access technology adopts IP-based Network and ATM Network.
    • Wireless access technology provides wireless access to ingress point of any core network.

    Broadband Technologies in Asian Countries

    • Two stages of development in Asian countries: early stage with sharp technological divisions, and later stage with multiple modes of access.

    Modulation Techniques

    • DMT (Discrete Multi-Tone) modulation: a high-grade performance modulation technique for DSL.
    • DWMT (Discrete Wavelet Multitone): a developmental variant of DMT, providing better sub-channel isolation.
    • FMT (Filtered MultiTone) modulation: a multicarrier modulation scheme with advantages in frequency band utilization.

    Conclusion

    • Broadband access networks connect millions of users to the Internet, providing various services, including integrated voice, data, and video.
    • Emerging broadband access technologies aim to meet increasing bandwidth demands for multimedia applications.

    Feature Length Movies and Broadcast Quality Video

    • Feature length movies require 1.5 Mbps of bandwidth, while broadcast quality video requires more, potentially up to 6.0 Mbps
    • High definition television (HDTV) requires almost 20.0 Mbps of bandwidth, much higher than current broadband technologies can support

    Specialized Broadband Services

    • The Internet will spin off thousands of specialized broadband services
    • The access network needs to provide a platform for delivery of these services

    Applications and Services

    • Virtual networks: private virtual networks (LAN/WAN) can be used for multimedia services like bank accounts and central offices
    • Education by distance: remote learning centers can be connected to traditional schools, allowing students to participate in classes remotely via videoconference
    • Telework: organization firm workers can work remotely using communication systems via satellite, connecting directly to their head offices via high-speed connection
    • Telemedicine: doctors can consult with other medical centers using videoconference and exchange high-quality images, test results, and information

    Analog Transmission and Bandwidth Bottleneck

    • Analog transmission uses a small portion of the available bandwidth of copper wires
    • The maximum amount of data that can be received using ordinary modems is about 56 Kbps (128 Kbps with ISDN)
    • The telephone company filters digital data, converting it to analog form for transmission over copper wires, and then back to digital for the modem
    • This process creates a bandwidth bottleneck

    xDSL Technology

    • xDSL technology transmits digital data directly as digital data, using a wider bandwidth for transmission
    • The signal can be separated to allow for analog transmission for phone use on the same line
    • xDSL uses frequencies above the telephone bandwidth (300Hz to 3,400Hz), encoding more data to achieve higher data rates
    • Advances in DSP technology and algorithms have increased bandwidth utilization

    Modulation Techniques

    • QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation): combines amplitude modulation and phase shift keying, using two carriers with the same frequency but differing in phase by 90 degrees
    • CAP (Carrierless Amplitude/Phase) modulation: produces the same form of signal as QAM, without requiring in-phase and quadrature components of the carrier
    • DMT (Discrete MultiTone) modulation: distributes data over a large number of subcarriers, each using QAM modulation
    • FMT (Filtered MultiTone) modulation: combines elements of QAM and DMT, using a filter-bank to modulate the data

    Conclusion

    • In recent decades, there has been rapid development of global communication infrastructure and the Internet, accompanied by increasing user bandwidth demands and emerging multimedia applications.

    Overview of Broadband Access Technology

    • Traditional circuit switching networks are not supporting effective fast communication for new applications.
    • Packet switching networks have evolved to carry data for various applications with different throughput.

    Limitations of Narrowband Dial-up Access

    • Narrowband dial-up access is no longer sufficient for small businesses, taking too long to do basic tasks like downloading a large file.
    • It is increasingly recognized as insufficient and inconvenient.

    Categories of Broadband Applications

    • Kim Maxwell has grouped potential residential broadband applications into three categories:
      • Professional activities (related to users' employment)
      • Entertainment activities (from game playing to movie watching)
      • Consumer activities (all other non-employment and non-entertainment activities)

    Technology Options for Broadband Services

    • Communication of data with different throughput is feasible by following technologies:
      • Narrowband (2.4 kbps – 128kbps)
      • Broadband (256kbps..512kbps – 8000kbps)
      • LAN (1000kbps – 100Mbps / Giga Ethernet)

    Access Technologies for Broadband Services

    • Wireline Technologies:
      • Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on copper loop
      • Optical Fiber Technologies
      • Cable TV Network
      • PLC (Power Line Communication)
    • Wireless Technologies:
      • Satellite Media
      • Terrestrial Wireless
      • 3G Mobile
      • Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
      • WiMax
      • LMDS and MMDS
      • FSO (Free Space Optics)

    Broadband Network

    • Broadband services are reached to customers through three providers: Service Provider, Network Provider, and Access Provider.
    • The role of Network Provider is to provide services offered to customers through the access extended by Access Provider.
    • Various types of networks are capable of transmitting and managing broadband traffic to desired nodes or locations.

    Broadband Technologies Used in Asian Countries

    • Broadband technologies have gone through two stages of development in Asian countries.
    • In the early stage, sharp technological divisions exist among players due to regulatory constraints.
    • Service providers in various countries have used different modes of access, including:
      • ISDN/DSL
      • Cable modems
      • Wireless technologies

    xDSL Technology

    • xDSL technology uses a greater range of frequencies over the telephone cable, allowing for greater bandwidth.
    • xDSL technology has evolved greatly over the past few years and is still in development to achieve even greater bandwidth.

    History of Traditional Phone Service

    • Traditional phone service connects homes or small businesses to a telephone company office over copper wires.
    • Traditional phone service was created to let users exchange voice information with other phone users.
    • The type of signal used for this kind of transmission is an analog signal.

    Evolution of Broadband Communication

    • Dramatic changes in technologies and market demands, combined with government deregulation and fierce competition, have scrambled the conventional communication services.
    • Service providers are striving to build new multimedia networks to meet the challenges and competitions.
    • The most challenging part of current Internet development is the access network.
    • Broadband access networks connect millions of users to the Internet, providing various services, including integrated voice, data, and video.

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    Overview of Broadband Access Technology PDF

    Description

    This quiz assesses knowledge on communication systems, focusing on broadband technology and its role in enhancing transmission capacity. It covers the latest trends and features of broadband technology.

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