40 Questions
What is the main characteristic that makes human communication unique?
Use of language and speech
What is a modality of communication?
A manner in which information is transmitted and received
What type of feedback includes vocalizations like 'mm-hmm'?
Linguistic feedback
What is the purpose of the regulatory communication function?
To direct others
What is one of the principles of effective communication?
Providing the right amount and type of information
What is the relation between language, speech, and hearing?
They are the essential ingredients of human communication
What type of feedback uses eye contact and facial expressions?
Extralinguistic feedback
What is the purpose of the heuristic communication function?
To ask for information
What is the primary function of speech?
To express language
What are the three systems involved in speech?
Respiration, phonation, and articulation
What are the four essential building blocks of normal speech?
Breathstream, voice, articulation, and fluency
What is the process of perceiving sound in the communication process?
Hearing
What are the four processes involved in communication?
Formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension
What is the term for difficulties in one or more of the four communication processes?
Communication disorder
What is the term for when an individual's communication pattern differs from others?
Communication difference
What is the term for a breakdown in one or more language domains?
Language disorder
What is the primary focus of this chapter?
The fundamentals of communication sciences and disorders
How many people are affected by communication disorders, according to the chapter?
1 out of every 6 persons
What is the transmission process in communication?
Conveying ideas to another person
What is the purpose of the comment 'Ah, that is much better' in communication?
To make a comment
Who are the two players involved in the communication process?
Sender and receiver
What is the definition of communication according to Borden, Harris, and Raphael (1994)?
The transmission of thoughts or feelings from one person to another
What is the purpose of the request 'I need some coffee' in communication?
To request something
What is the comprehension process in communication?
Making sense of the message
What is language according to Nelson?
A socially shared code that uses a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world
What is a characteristic of language that allows humans to create infinite number of new combinations and sentences?
Productivity
What is the term for the study of the organization of sentences?
Syntax
What is the function of language that is concerned with personal and social needs?
Use
What is the term for the study of the meaning of words and word combinations?
Semantics
What is the characteristic of language that allows humans to talk about things that are sophisticated, abstract and removed from the present?
Semanticity
What is the term for the study of the organization of words?
Morphology
What is the term for the study of the organization of sounds in language?
Phonology
What is the primary focus of a speech language pathologist?
Diagnosing and treating speech and language disorders
What type of hearing impairment is related to problems with the outer or middle ear?
Conductive hearing impairment
What is a common employment setting for speech language pathologists?
Schools and hospitals
What is a type of speech disorder that affects the flow of speech?
Fluency disorder
What is a type of language disorder that affects the meaning of words and sentences?
Semantics disorder
What is the role of an audiologist in relation to speech language pathologists?
Audiologists and speech language pathologists have separate but related roles
What is a type of disorder that affects the reception or transmission of sound?
Disorder of hearing
What is a type of disorder that affects the ability to eat and swallow?
Disorder of feeding and swallowing
Study Notes
Fundamentals of Communication Sciences and Disorders
- Communication is the process of sharing information between two or more persons, involving transmission of thoughts or feelings from the mind of a speaker to the mind of a listener.
Importance of Communication
- Communication is essential for human life and is considered the "heart of life's experience."
- Effective communication is crucial in everyday life, and difficulties in communication can lead to significant consequences.
What is Communication?
- Communication involves three basic purposes: requesting, rejecting, and commenting.
- The communication process involves two players: the sender and the receiver.
- Four key processes are involved: formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension.
Modalities of Communication
- Human communication is unique due to the use of language and speech.
- Modalities of communication include speech, sign language, reading, and writing.
Feedback
- Feedback is essential in communication and is provided by the receiver to the sender.
- Three types of feedback exist: linguistic, extralinguistic, and paralinguistic.
Communication Functions
- Seven functions of communication exist: instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, and informative.
Effective Communication
- Four principles for effective communicators: quantity, quality, relevance, and manner.
Language, Speech, and Hearing
- Language is a cognitive process that formulates ideas and thoughts.
- Language is a socially shared code that uses a conventional system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas about the world.
- Language has remarkable features, including universality, species-specificity, semanticity, productivity, and rate of acquisition.
Language Systems
- Three-domain system of language: form, content, and use.
- Five-domain system of language: syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, and pragmatics.
Speech
- Speech is a neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language.
- Speech involves three systems: respiration, phonation, and articulation.
Hearing
- Hearing is the perception of sound in the communication process.
- Steps of sound processing: creation of sound source, vibration of air particles, reception by ear, and comprehension by brain.
Communication Disorders
- Communication disorders occur when a person is unable to or has significant difficulties in one or more of the four processes: formulation, transmission, reception, and comprehension.
- Disorders can affect language, speech, and hearing.
Types of Communication Disorders
- Disorders of language: breakdown in one or more of the domains of semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics.
- Disorders of speech: breakdown in one or more of the systems of respiration, phonation, and articulation.
- Disorders of hearing: breakdown in the reception or transmission of sound.
- Disorders of feeding and swallowing: difficulties in the oral and pharyngeal stages of feeding and swallowing.
Career Options
- Speech-language pathology: prevention, counseling, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment for speech and language disorders.
- Audiology: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hearing and balance disorders.
- Allied professions: special education, neurology, occupational therapy, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics, and psychology.
This chapter introduces the fundamentals of communication, its relation to language, speech, and hearing, and explores communication disorders and careers in the field.
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