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Questions and Answers
What best describes communication based on the outlined features?
Which value underlines the importance of communication in professional settings?
What is the purpose of demographic audience analysis?
What is NOT a characteristic of the transactional model of communication?
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Which of the following best describes a thesis statement?
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Which of the following best captures a purpose of public speaking?
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What is primary research mainly used for?
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What term refers to anything that interrupts intended communication?
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Why is using evidence important in a speech?
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Which type of research verifies existing findings and utilizes available resources?
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In the context of communication, 'identity scripts' are best understood as:
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Which of the following models allows for sender-receiver interaction?
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What is a significant requirement when organizing oral communication?
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What is NOT a component to consider when preparing for public speaking?
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What is the primary goal of an informative speech?
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What characteristic should visual aids possess to be effective?
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Which organizational pattern focuses on chronological relationships?
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Which of the following best describes the term 'prototypes' in perception?
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Which style of delivery relies on a written speech or teleprompter?
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What does the self-fulfilling prophecy concept suggest?
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Which cognitive structure is defined as predictive generalizations about people and situations?
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Communication apprehension can be caused by which of the following?
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What is the primary function of an introduction in a speech?
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What is an external factor in the context of locus in attributions?
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What is the term for the process of interpreting experiences based on collective societal rules and values?
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Which dimension of personal identity is NOT emphasized in Western culture?
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What is the concept of identity scripts in family communication?
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Which of the following is a key aspect of enhancing communication competence?
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What distinguishes listening from hearing?
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What psychological impact does peer communication primarily have?
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The emotional self encompasses which of the following characteristics?
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Which of the following is a common method for a person to check their perception with others?
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Study Notes
Communication: Process, Features and Values
- Communication is a continuous, systematic process where individuals interact using symbols, creating and interpreting meanings.
- It is always in motion, involves interconnected elements, includes verbal and nonverbal cues, and its significance is determined by our perception.
- Communication has various levels:
- Content Level: the literal message conveyed.
- Relationship Level: how the relationship between communicators impacts the meaning.
- Values of Communication:
- Personal Identity and Health: Communication influences physical and emotional well-being. It's crucial for effective healthcare.
- Relationship Values: Communication is the primary way we connect with others and sustains relationships, solves problems, and facilitates daily interactions.
- Professional Values: Effective communication is linked to professional success.
- Cultural Values: Communication is essential for expressing and evaluating ideas in a democracy. Effective civic participation requires good communication skills.
Communication Models: Linear, Interactive, and Transactional
- Linear Model: One-way process where information flows from sender to receiver.
- Interactive Model: Sender and receiver engage in two-way exchange, with feedback and shared experiences influencing communication.
- Transactional Model: Communication is simultaneous sending and receiving of messages, evolving over time, and vulnerable to interference. It occurs within complex systems.
Public Speaking: Building Connections and Delivering Effectively
- Public speaking is an extended conversation considering:
- Others' perspectives
- Situational adaptation
- Clear expression of ideas
- Organization of content
- Public speaking process involves:
- Choosing and Refining the Topic: Select a relevant and appropriate topic.
- Defining General and Specific Purposes: Inform, persuade, or entertain the audience.
- Specific Purpose: A behavioral objective with a measurable outcome.
- Thesis Statement: A clear and concise statement summarizing the speech's main point.
Audience Analysis: Demographics and Situation
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Demographic Analysis: Identifies general characteristics shared by a group of listeners.
- Used for adaptation, building connections, avoiding stereotypes, making inferences, and determining credibility.
- Situational Analysis: Discovers what listeners already know and believe about the topic, speaker, and occasion.
Research and Using Evidence: Gathering and Supporting Claims
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Primary Research: Interviews for gathering information, checking accuracy, and understanding perspectives.
- Surveys: Useful for investigating knowledge and attitudes when published research is limited.
- Secondary Research: Online research (search engines, verifying sources) and library research (databases, reference works, peer-reviewed sources).
-
Evidence: Material used to support claims, enhancing clarity, persuasiveness, and speaker credibility.
- Statistics: Numbers summarizing data or demonstrating relationships. Use sparingly, round off numbers, choose timely statistics, and make them engaging.
Visual Aids: Enhancing Presentations
- Visual aids reinforce ideas and present information:
- Charts
- Graphs
- Photographs
- Slides
- Physical Objects
- Visual aids should be:
- Large and clear
- Simple and uncluttered
- Safe and non-distracting
- Avoid visual overload
Organizing Speeches: Structure and Delivery
- Organizing speeches: More explicit organization is required compared to written communication.
- Greater redundancy and simpler sentence structures are used.
-
Outline: A clear and concise structure for the speech including:
- Main headings for introduction, body, and conclusion.
- Subpoints and supporting material for each main point.
-
Organizing the Body:
- Temporal Pattern: Chronological relationships.
- Spatial Pattern: Physical relationships.
- Topical Pattern: Categories, classes, or areas of discussion.
- Star Pattern: Flexible arrangement of topics.
- Comparative Pattern: Compares two or more objects, people, situations, or events.
Introduction and Conclusion Design
-
Introduction:
- Captures audience attention
- Presents a clear thesis statement
- Builds speaker credibility
- Previews the body
-
Conclusion:
- Concisly summarizes content
- Provides a memorable final thought
Communication Apprehension: Causes and Styles of Delivery
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Communication Apprehension: Anxiety associated with communication.
- Chronic Apprehension: Persistent anxiety across situations.
- Situational Apprehension: Anxiety specific to particular situations.
- Causes of Apprehension:
- Unfamiliar audience
- Unfamiliar situation
- Being in the spotlight
- Being evaluated
- Past failures
-
Styles of Delivery:
- Impromptu: Minimal preparation, organizing ideas as you speak.
- Extemporaneous: Delivered with an outline or note cards.
- Manuscript: Delivered with a printed speech or teleprompter.
- Memorized: Committed to memory.
Informative Speaking: Enhancing Knowledge and Understanding
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Informative Speech: A presentation aimed at increasing listeners' knowledge, comprehension, or abilities.
- Informative vs. Persuasive: Informative speeches focus on objective information; persuasive speeches advocate for specific viewpoints.
- Key elements of informative speaking:
- Provide a clear thesis statement.
- Connect with audience values.
- Motivate listeners to want information.
- Build credibility with the audience.
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Description
Explore the dynamic nature of communication through this quiz. Learn about its various levels, such as content and relationship, and discover how communication influences personal identity, health, and professional success. Test your understanding of the core features and values that shape our interactions.
