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Questions and Answers
The word communication originated from two Latin words
The word communication originated from two Latin words
Communis and communicare
Communis means
Communis means
to make common
Communicare
Communicare
to make common to, share
is the process of sharing experiences among people that is clear and understandable
is the process of sharing experiences among people that is clear and understandable
refer to those who simultaneously and continuously send and receive messages at the same time.
refer to those who simultaneously and continuously send and receive messages at the same time.
True or False: No two individuals may attribute the same meaning to a specific message or situation.
True or False: No two individuals may attribute the same meaning to a specific message or situation.
True or false: Meanings are not in words but in people ( David Berlo)
True or false: Meanings are not in words but in people ( David Berlo)
Elements of Communication
Elements of Communication
Types of non verbal: formality, warmth, privacy, familiarity, constraint, distance.
Types of non verbal: formality, warmth, privacy, familiarity, constraint, distance.
pitch, rate, volume, silence
pitch, rate, volume, silence
Gaze Facial Expression
Gaze Facial Expression
Time
Time
Touch
Touch
Movement
Movement
Distance, space
Distance, space
Principles of Communication
Principles of Communication
Is a system of rules that allow us to construct sentences
Is a system of rules that allow us to construct sentences
Is a systematic means of communication, ideas, or feelings by the use if words, sounds, words and grammar
Is a systematic means of communication, ideas, or feelings by the use if words, sounds, words and grammar
Study of language
Study of language
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
System of sounds
System of sounds
A group of people or population that speak the same language.
A group of people or population that speak the same language.
Acquiring a LANGUAGE informally, talking, watching, listening
Acquiring a LANGUAGE informally, talking, watching, listening
Is a formal way of acquiring knowledge (for INSTITUTIONS, ACADEMICS, SCHOOLS)
Is a formal way of acquiring knowledge (for INSTITUTIONS, ACADEMICS, SCHOOLS)
a Language learned while growing up.
-also known as FIRST LANGUAGE.
a Language learned while growing up. -also known as FIRST LANGUAGE.
language acquired for various reasons
​- language used to communicate in order to connect and understand other people
​e.g. classmates, colleagues
language acquired for various reasons ​- language used to communicate in order to connect and understand other people ​e.g. classmates, colleagues
A combination of LANGUAGES spoken by and between individuals to effectively communicate
A combination of LANGUAGES spoken by and between individuals to effectively communicate
Constantly taking place.
Constantly taking place.
They cannot be taken back.
They cannot be taken back.
Symbols, connective meaning.
Symbols, connective meaning.
Inform, entertain, persuade
Inform, entertain, persuade
Dictates style of your speaking, writing, depends on their age, gender, educational backgrounds, etc
Dictates style of your speaking, writing, depends on their age, gender, educational backgrounds, etc
Something shared
Something shared
will prove beneficial to you, feedback
will prove beneficial to you, feedback
7Cs in written communication
7Cs in written communication
refers to communicating in a manner that is honest, open, clear, respectful and responsible. It should be accurate, truthful, and acceptable.
refers to communicating in a manner that is honest, open, clear, respectful and responsible. It should be accurate, truthful, and acceptable.
In negotiations, in Japanese, saying YES means?
In negotiations, in Japanese, saying YES means?
Compared to Dutch, German, and American, directness means?
Compared to Dutch, German, and American, directness means?
Anger means and walking out
Anger means and walking out
Refers to a type of working styles where only one at a time.
Refers to a type of working styles where only one at a time.
Long lunches in ____ and _____ is an integral part of the negotiation
Long lunches in ____ and _____ is an integral part of the negotiation
Feeling of disorientation
Feeling of disorientation
The key to understand each other harmoniously, key to the 21st century paradox
The key to understand each other harmoniously, key to the 21st century paradox
When global products or services are adopted to fit the customs, laws or preferences of a local market.
When global products or services are adopted to fit the customs, laws or preferences of a local market.
coined the term in 1980
coined the term in 1980
REFERS to the imperialistic goals of large corporations, or even entire countries, to impose themselves in various areas of the world so that their power, influence and profits can grow.
REFERS to the imperialistic goals of large corporations, or even entire countries, to impose themselves in various areas of the world so that their power, influence and profits can grow.
-diversity of people and cultures
-interaction with unfamiliar cultures
-resulting in miscommunication
-diversity of people and cultures -interaction with unfamiliar cultures -resulting in miscommunication
Challenging- each culture has a set of rules that its members take for granted. Few of us are unaware of our cultural biases, which started at a very young age called
Challenging- each culture has a set of rules that its members take for granted. Few of us are unaware of our cultural biases, which started at a very young age called
Mediterranean, Slav, central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian)- leave much of the message unspecified to be understood through context like non verbal cues and read between the lines.
Mediterranean, Slav, central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian)- leave much of the message unspecified to be understood through context like non verbal cues and read between the lines.
most Germanic and English speaking countries expect messages to be explicit and specific)
most Germanic and English speaking countries expect messages to be explicit and specific)
like north America, German , Swedish and Dutch, business people give full attention to one agenda one time after the other.
like north America, German , Swedish and Dutch, business people give full attention to one agenda one time after the other.
like south America, southern Europe, Asia views time like a circle, with the past, present and future interrelated. This influences organizations in this culture how it approaches deadlines, strategic thinking and investment, developing talents from within and long term investments
like south America, southern Europe, Asia views time like a circle, with the past, present and future interrelated. This influences organizations in this culture how it approaches deadlines, strategic thinking and investment, developing talents from within and long term investments
Globalization: It challenges the idea the globalization leads to______ be demonstrating that local cultures can actively shape and influence global practices
Globalization: It challenges the idea the globalization leads to______ be demonstrating that local cultures can actively shape and influence global practices
Study Notes
Communication Origin
- Originates from two Latin words: "communis" (common) and "communicare" (to share).
- Process of sharing experiences among people clearly and understandably.
- True or False: No two individuals may attribute the same meaning to a specific message or situation. True.
- Meanings are not in words but in people (David Berlo).
Elements of Communication
- Verbal Communication: Words, sounds, and grammar used to convey ideas and feelings.
- Non-Verbal Communication:
- Types: Formality, warmth, privacy, familiarity, constraint, distance, pitch, rate, volume, silence, gaze, facial expression, time, touch, movement, distance, and space.
- Examples:
- Pitch, Rate, Volume, Silence: These elements influence the tone and impact of communication.
- Gaze: Direct eye contact can communicate interest and engagement.
- Facial Expressions: Convey emotions and reactions.
- Time: Punctuality and the use of time can vary significantly across cultures.
- Touch: Physical touch communicates intimacy, affection, or dominance.
- Movement: Body language, gestures, and posture.
Principles of Communication
- Language: A system of rules for constructing meaningful sentences.
- Linguistics: The study of language, including vocabulary, sounds, and grammar.
- Culture: A group of people sharing the same language and customs.
- Language Acquisition:
- Informal: Learning by observing and interacting with others.
- Formal: Structured learning through institutions and education.
- First Language: Acquired while growing up.
- Second Language: Acquired later for various reasons, including communication and personal growth.
- Pidgin: A simplified language that combines elements of two or more languages to facilitate communication.
- Communication is:
- Continuous
- Irreversible
- Symbolic
- Meaning-based
- Purposeful: To inform, entertain, or persuade.
- Contextual: Affected by factors like age, gender, and background.
Communication & Culture
- Shared Understanding: Crucial for effective communication.
- Feedback: Essential for ensuring messages are received and understood.
- Seven C's of Written Communication:
- Clarity
- Conciseness
- Coherence
- Completeness
- Correctness
- Courtesy
- Convincibility
- Cultural Differences:
- Directness: Varys across cultures (e.g. direct communication in Dutch, German, and American; less direct in Japanese).
- Negotiation Styles:
- Linear (one at a time): Common in North America and Germanic cultures.
- Circular (multiple, inter-connected): Common in South America, Southern Europe, and Asia.
- Long Lunches: An integral part of negotiations in some cultures (e.g. Latin America).
Cultural Sensitivity in Communication
- Culture Shock: Feeling of disorientation when encountering unfamiliar customs and practices.
- Intercultural Communication: Essential for harmonious understanding in a diverse world.
- Glocalization: Adopting global products or services to local customs, laws, and preferences (coined by Theodore Levitt in 1980).
- Globalization's Influence: Can challenge the idea of homogenization by demonstrating local culture's influence on global practices.
- Cultural Blind Spots: Unawareness of our own cultural biases, often developed in early childhood.
Cultural Communication Styles
- High-Context Cultures: Leave much of the message unspecified, relying on context and nonverbal cues (e.g. Mediterranean, Slav, Central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian).
- Low-Context Cultures: Expect explicit and specific messages (e.g. Germanic and English-speaking countries).
- Time Orientation:
- Linear: Focus on one agenda at a time (North America, Germany, Sweden, Dutch).
- Circular: View time as cyclical, with the past, present, and future interconnected (South America, Southern Europe, Asia).
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Midterms
