Purposive com
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Purposive com

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The word communication originated from two Latin words

Communis and communicare

Communis means

to make common

Communicare

to make common to, share

is the process of sharing experiences among people that is clear and understandable

<p>Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

refer to those who simultaneously and continuously send and receive messages at the same time.

<p>Communicators</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: No two individuals may attribute the same meaning to a specific message or situation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Meanings are not in words but in people ( David Berlo)

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Elements of Communication

<p>Sender, medium, receiver, message, feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

Types of non verbal: formality, warmth, privacy, familiarity, constraint, distance.

<p>Environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

pitch, rate, volume, silence

<p>Vocalics/ Paralanguage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gaze Facial Expression

<p>Eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Time

<p>Chronemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Touch

<p>Haptics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Movement

<p>Kinesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Distance, space

<p>Proxemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

Principles of Communication

<p>We cannot not communicate, transactional, irreversible, complex, unrepeatable, process of adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is a system of rules that allow us to construct sentences

<p>Grammar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is a systematic means of communication, ideas, or feelings by the use if words, sounds, words and grammar

<p>Language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study of language

<p>Linguistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vocabulary

<p>Lexicons</p> Signup and view all the answers

System of sounds

<p>Phonology</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of people or population that speak the same language.

<p>Speech Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acquiring a LANGUAGE informally, talking, watching, listening

<p>Language Acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is a formal way of acquiring knowledge (for INSTITUTIONS, ACADEMICS, SCHOOLS)

<p>Language Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

a Language learned while growing up. -also known as FIRST LANGUAGE.

<p>Mother tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

language acquired for various reasons ​- language used to communicate in order to connect and understand other people ​e.g. classmates, colleagues

<p>2nd language</p> Signup and view all the answers

A combination of LANGUAGES spoken by and between individuals to effectively communicate

<p>Language Contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

Constantly taking place.

<p>Inevitable</p> Signup and view all the answers

They cannot be taken back.

<p>Irreversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

Symbols, connective meaning.

<p>Complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inform, entertain, persuade

<p>Purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dictates style of your speaking, writing, depends on their age, gender, educational backgrounds, etc

<p>Audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

Something shared

<p>Topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

will prove beneficial to you, feedback

<p>CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISIMS</p> Signup and view all the answers

7Cs in written communication

<p>Clear,concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, courteous</p> Signup and view all the answers

refers to communicating in a manner that is honest, open, clear, respectful and responsible. It should be accurate, truthful, and acceptable.

<p>EHICAL COMMUNICATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

In negotiations, in Japanese, saying YES means?

<p>They heard you but they don’t agree with you</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to Dutch, German, and American, directness means?

<p>Doesn’t mean rudeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anger means and walking out

<p>Doesn’t mean the deal if off</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refers to a type of working styles where only one at a time.

<p>Monochronic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Long lunches in ____ and _____ is an integral part of the negotiation

<p>Middle East and France</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feeling of disorientation

<p>Culture shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

The key to understand each other harmoniously, key to the 21st century paradox

<p>Cultural intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

When global products or services are adopted to fit the customs, laws or preferences of a local market.

<p>GLOCALIZATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

coined the term in 1980

<p>Roland Robertson</p> Signup and view all the answers

REFERS to the imperialistic goals of large corporations, or even entire countries, to impose themselves in various areas of the world so that their power, influence and profits can grow.

<p>GROBALIZATION</p> Signup and view all the answers

-diversity of people and cultures -interaction with unfamiliar cultures -resulting in miscommunication

<p>Intercultural communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Challenging- each culture has a set of rules that its members take for granted. Few of us are unaware of our cultural biases, which started at a very young age called

<p>cultural imprinting</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mediterranean, Slav, central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian)- leave much of the message unspecified to be understood through context like non verbal cues and read between the lines.

<p>High context cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

most Germanic and English speaking countries expect messages to be explicit and specific)

<p>Low context cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

like north America, German , Swedish and Dutch, business people give full attention to one agenda one time after the other.

<p>sequential cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

like south America, southern Europe, Asia views time like a circle, with the past, present and future interrelated. This influences organizations in this culture how it approaches deadlines, strategic thinking and investment, developing talents from within and long term investments

<p>Synchronic cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Globalization: It challenges the idea the globalization leads to______ be demonstrating that local cultures can actively shape and influence global practices

<p>cultural homogenization</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication Origin

  • Originates from two Latin words: "communis" (common) and "communicare" (to share).
  • Process of sharing experiences among people clearly and understandably.
  • True or False: No two individuals may attribute the same meaning to a specific message or situation. True.
  • Meanings are not in words but in people (David Berlo).

Elements of Communication

  • Verbal Communication: Words, sounds, and grammar used to convey ideas and feelings.
  • Non-Verbal Communication:
    • Types: Formality, warmth, privacy, familiarity, constraint, distance, pitch, rate, volume, silence, gaze, facial expression, time, touch, movement, distance, and space.
    • Examples:
      • Pitch, Rate, Volume, Silence: These elements influence the tone and impact of communication.
      • Gaze: Direct eye contact can communicate interest and engagement.
      • Facial Expressions: Convey emotions and reactions.
      • Time: Punctuality and the use of time can vary significantly across cultures.
      • Touch: Physical touch communicates intimacy, affection, or dominance.
      • Movement: Body language, gestures, and posture.

Principles of Communication

  • Language: A system of rules for constructing meaningful sentences.
  • Linguistics: The study of language, including vocabulary, sounds, and grammar.
  • Culture: A group of people sharing the same language and customs.
  • Language Acquisition:
    • Informal: Learning by observing and interacting with others.
    • Formal: Structured learning through institutions and education.
    • First Language: Acquired while growing up.
    • Second Language: Acquired later for various reasons, including communication and personal growth.
    • Pidgin: A simplified language that combines elements of two or more languages to facilitate communication.
  • Communication is:
    • Continuous
    • Irreversible
    • Symbolic
    • Meaning-based
    • Purposeful: To inform, entertain, or persuade.
    • Contextual: Affected by factors like age, gender, and background.

Communication & Culture

  • Shared Understanding: Crucial for effective communication.
  • Feedback: Essential for ensuring messages are received and understood.
  • Seven C's of Written Communication:
    • Clarity
    • Conciseness
    • Coherence
    • Completeness
    • Correctness
    • Courtesy
    • Convincibility
  • Cultural Differences:
    • Directness: Varys across cultures (e.g. direct communication in Dutch, German, and American; less direct in Japanese).
    • Negotiation Styles:
      • Linear (one at a time): Common in North America and Germanic cultures.
      • Circular (multiple, inter-connected): Common in South America, Southern Europe, and Asia.
      • Long Lunches: An integral part of negotiations in some cultures (e.g. Latin America).

Cultural Sensitivity in Communication

  • Culture Shock: Feeling of disorientation when encountering unfamiliar customs and practices.
  • Intercultural Communication: Essential for harmonious understanding in a diverse world.
  • Glocalization: Adopting global products or services to local customs, laws, and preferences (coined by Theodore Levitt in 1980).
  • Globalization's Influence: Can challenge the idea of homogenization by demonstrating local culture's influence on global practices.
  • Cultural Blind Spots: Unawareness of our own cultural biases, often developed in early childhood.

Cultural Communication Styles

  • High-Context Cultures: Leave much of the message unspecified, relying on context and nonverbal cues (e.g. Mediterranean, Slav, Central European, Latin American, African, Arab, Asian, American-Indian).
  • Low-Context Cultures: Expect explicit and specific messages (e.g. Germanic and English-speaking countries).
  • Time Orientation:
    • Linear: Focus on one agenda at a time (North America, Germany, Sweden, Dutch).
    • Circular: View time as cyclical, with the past, present, and future interconnected (South America, Southern Europe, Asia).

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