16 Questions
What was the primary reason for the increased importance of the press during the liberalization of Europe?
The disappearance of royal privileges and emergence of government control
What was a key characteristic of the 'Golden Age of the Press'?
A lack of competition and high public relevance
What was a new development in journalism during the 'Golden Age of the Press'?
The beginning of watchdog journalism
What was the result of the international agreement between news agencies in 1875?
The disruption of the agreement due to the Franco-Prussian war
What was a strategy used by news agencies to develop international networks?
Business diversification through advertising and rent/hire networks
What was the outcome of the collaboration between news agencies and governments during wars?
The growth of government-controlled news agencies
What was a consequence of the triumph of liberalism during the Democratization Era of the Press?
The emergence of mass liberalism
What was a key aspect of the Second Industrial Revolution during the Democratization Era of the Press?
The growth of technical developments
The Franco-Prussian war led to the formation of a unified international news agency format.
False
The liberal concept of man emphasized the importance of education in the development of a liberal society.
True
The Democratization Era of the Press saw a significant decrease in newspaper pages and sections.
False
The Second Industrial Revolution was a consequence of the triumph of liberalism during the Democratization Era of the Press.
False
Government control over the press decreased during the liberalization of Europe.
False
Scientism was a consequence of the liberalization of Europe.
True
The concept of watchdog journalism emerged during the Golden Age of the Press.
True
The Franco-Prussian war led to the development of international news agencies.
False
Study Notes
The Democratization Era of the Press (1870-1914)
- This period is also known as the Golden Age of the Press, characterized by the triumph of liberalism and the rise of mass liberalism.
- The liberal concept of the individual emerged, highlighting the need for improved education systems, which the state sought to address through the press.
Importance of the Press
- The press became more crucial than ever due to the liberalization of Europe, which eliminated royal privileges but introduced government control.
- The press played a vital role in communicating liberal ideas to the masses, increasing the size of audiences and promoting national interest.
Developments in Journalism
- Longer newspapers with more pages and sections emerged.
- Innovative formats, including color, pictures, and graphs, were introduced.
- New market niches targeted women, professionals, children, and hobbies, leading to the development of watchdog journalism, denunciation journalism, and journalistic political campaigns.
- Politicians responded by introducing press conferences.
News Agencies
- A transition from founder-owned to public companies occurred, with new commercial relationships emerging.
- Governments provided funding to support the development of international networks and technological advancements.
- Strategies included business diversification through advertising and rent/hire networks, with wars serving as opportunities for collaboration with governments.
European News Agency Format
- An international agreement was made between major news agencies in 1875, but the Franco-Prussian war disrupted it.
- Agencies began to work in the interests of nation states.
American News Agency Format
- 1862: The American Civil War led to the independence of Western Union from the New York Associated Press.
- 1867: Western Union rejoined the New York Associated Press.
- 1882: The United Press was founded.
- 1892: The New York Associated Press dissolved, and The Illinois Associated Press replaced it.
- 1897: The United Press disappeared.
- 1900: The (new) Associated Press was founded through more favorable corporation laws in New York.
- 1907: The corporation was divided into the United Press and International News Service under William Howard Hearst.
The Democratization Era of the Press (1870-1914)
- This period is also known as the Golden Age of the Press, characterized by the triumph of liberalism and the rise of mass liberalism.
- The liberal concept of the individual emerged, highlighting the need for improved education systems, which the state sought to address through the press.
Importance of the Press
- The press became more crucial than ever due to the liberalization of Europe, which eliminated royal privileges but introduced government control.
- The press played a vital role in communicating liberal ideas to the masses, increasing the size of audiences and promoting national interest.
Developments in Journalism
- Longer newspapers with more pages and sections emerged.
- Innovative formats, including color, pictures, and graphs, were introduced.
- New market niches targeted women, professionals, children, and hobbies, leading to the development of watchdog journalism, denunciation journalism, and journalistic political campaigns.
- Politicians responded by introducing press conferences.
News Agencies
- A transition from founder-owned to public companies occurred, with new commercial relationships emerging.
- Governments provided funding to support the development of international networks and technological advancements.
- Strategies included business diversification through advertising and rent/hire networks, with wars serving as opportunities for collaboration with governments.
European News Agency Format
- An international agreement was made between major news agencies in 1875, but the Franco-Prussian war disrupted it.
- Agencies began to work in the interests of nation states.
American News Agency Format
- 1862: The American Civil War led to the independence of Western Union from the New York Associated Press.
- 1867: Western Union rejoined the New York Associated Press.
- 1882: The United Press was founded.
- 1892: The New York Associated Press dissolved, and The Illinois Associated Press replaced it.
- 1897: The United Press disappeared.
- 1900: The (new) Associated Press was founded through more favorable corporation laws in New York.
- 1907: The corporation was divided into the United Press and International News Service under William Howard Hearst.
This quiz covers the period of 1870-1914, focusing on the democratization of the press, the golden age of the press, and its consequences, including nationalism, scientism, and technical developments.
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