Communicable Diseases and Immunity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is defined as a state of discomfort where normal body function is affected?

  • Health
  • Diagnosis
  • Immunity
  • Disease (correct)

What does a person's immune system use to fight infections?

  • Red blood cells
  • Hormones
  • Antibodies (correct)
  • Platelets

Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?

  • Hypertension
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Influenza (correct)

What is the primary function of white blood cells in the context of disease?

<p>To produce antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a source of transmission for communicable diseases?

<p>Air and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a person who has immunity to a specific disease?

<p>They resist and destroy the germs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best contrasts disease and health?

<p>Health reflects optimal body function. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might one person not catch a viral fever despite exposure?

<p>They have immunity to the virus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Hepatitis as noted in the content?

<p>Yellowish tinge in eyes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases requires maintaining strict hygiene and a balanced diet?

<p>Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a method of HIV/AIDS transmission?

<p>Using the same toilet seat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a person is diagnosed with Malaria?

<p>Get a blood test done to confirm malaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommendation during the treatment of Influenza?

<p>Control the fever with medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with Tetanus?

<p>Severe muscle spasms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate nutritional recommendation for a person infected with HIV?

<p>Nutritious diet with healthy lifestyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Pertussis?

<p>Bouts of cough with whooping sound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment recommendation for Malaria?

<p>Give prescribed medicines after blood test confirmation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about HIV/AIDS is correct?

<p>The HIV virus attacks the body’s defense system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial lifestyle factor contributing to the rise of lifestyle diseases?

<p>Overeating processed and packaged foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases are classified as lifestyle diseases?

<p>Chronic diseases that do not spread from person to person (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a non-modifiable risk factor for lifestyle diseases?

<p>Age (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method can help prevent lifestyle diseases according to the provided guidelines?

<p>Practicing yoga or meditation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following practices contributes to being overweight and obese?

<p>Using cars instead of walking for short trips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of untreated lifestyle diseases?

<p>Chronic dysfunctioning in the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary habit is advisable to prevent lifestyle diseases?

<p>Consuming a balanced diet at regular meal times (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the significant economic impacts of lifestyle diseases?

<p>Economic burden on individuals and families (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suggestion for physical activity mentioned?

<p>Walking regularly and doing exercises like aerobics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one is a common lifestyle disease mentioned?

<p>Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to manage an illness at home?

<p>Consulting a doctor and following their advice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does hereditary play in lifestyle diseases?

<p>It is a non-modifiable risk factor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What benefit is associated with drinking plenty of water?

<p>It helps in maintaining a healthy weight and supports metabolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period?

<p>The gap of time between the entry of germs into the body and the appearance of symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases can be spread through contaminated food or water?

<p>Cholera (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can airborne diseases spread?

<p>When a person coughs or sneezes, releasing germs into the air. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an indirect contact mode of disease transmission?

<p>Using a towel that an infected person dried with. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a preventive measure against communicable diseases?

<p>Consuming raw food without washing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice regarding drinking water at home?

<p>Boil drinking water for at least 10 minutes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission is related to the interaction with insects?

<p>Germs being carried from rubbish to food by flies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to maintain personal hygiene to prevent communicable diseases?

<p>Keep personal belongings separate from infected individuals’ belongings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice helps prevent the spread of disease in crowded places?

<p>Staying away from such places when sick. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is spread through sexual contact?

<p>Hepatitis B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with drinking untreated water from wells or ponds?

<p>It is more likely to contain disease-causing germs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item should be disinfected regularly to prevent disease transmission?

<p>Common utensils and shared items. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cholera be primarily prevented?

<p>By ensuring good hygiene and using clean water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a disease?

A state where the normal functioning of the body is disrupted, leading to discomfort and deviation from a state of health.

What is immunity?

The ability of the body to resist a specific disease. This is achieved through the action of white blood cells and antibodies, which fight off germs and infections.

What are communicable diseases?

Diseases that spread from one person to another, often through touch, contaminated objects, air, food, water or bodily fluids.

What causes communicable diseases?

A disease caused by a pathogen, such as a virus, bacteria, or parasite, that can be transmitted from one person to another.

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What are infectious diseases?

Also known as infectious diseases, these illnesses are caused by pathogens and can be spread through various means.

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What are contagious diseases?

A type of communicable disease that spreads through direct or indirect contact with an infected person.

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What are sexually transmitted infections?

A disease that can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person.

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What is AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome)?

A serious communicable disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which weakens the body's immune system making it susceptible to other infections.

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Lifestyle Diseases

Diseases that develop due to unhealthy eating habits, lack of physical activity, and other lifestyle choices.

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Diabetes

A chronic disease where the body doesn't regulate blood sugar levels properly.

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Hypertension

High blood pressure, often linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices.

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Obesity

Having more body weight than is healthy for your height.

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Heart Disease

A long-term disease, often caused by unhealthy lifestyle factors, that impacts the heart's function.

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Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases but can be changed, like diet, exercise, smoking, and stress.

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Non-Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases that can't be changed, like age or family history.

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Lifestyle

A pattern of how we live, including what we eat, how we sleep, and our level of physical activity.

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Junk Food

Foods that are high in sugar, fat, and salt, and low in nutrients.

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Refined Foods

Refined grains, like white bread, that lack the nutritional value of whole grains.

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Whole Grains

Whole grain foods, such as brown rice, oats, and quinoa, that are rich in fiber and nutrients.

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Regular Exercise

Staying active, like walking, jogging, or exercising regularly.

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Stress Management

Managing stress through techniques like yoga or meditation.

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Balanced Diet

The process of consuming a balanced diet with the right amount of nutrients.

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Immunity

The body's ability to fight off diseases and infections.

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What is the incubation period?

The time period between the moment germs enter the body and the appearance of disease symptoms.

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Who is a carrier?

A person who carries disease-causing germs but doesn't show symptoms themselves.

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What are the modes of disease transmission?

Ways germs can spread from person to person or from an infected source to a healthy person.

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How can food and water become contaminated?

Germs can contaminate food and water through unhygienic practices like handling food with dirty hands or using contaminated utensils.

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How do diseases spread through air?

Germs spread through coughing, sneezing, or talking, releasing droplets containing the pathogen into the air.

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What are the differences between direct and indirect contact?

Direct contact involves physical touch with an infected person, while indirect contact involves touching contaminated objects.

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How can insects spread diseases?

Germs can be carried on insects like flies, cockroaches, or mosquitos, who then transmit them to humans through bites or contact with food.

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What are some general preventive measures for communicable diseases?

Keeping personal belongings separate, covering food and water, washing hands frequently, and practicing good hygiene.

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Why is boiled water safer to drink?

Boiling water for 10 minutes kills most harmful bacteria. Drinking boiled water from a safe source is recommended.

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Why is it essential to wash utensils thoroughly?

Washing utensils with soap and water removes germs before they can enter the body through food or drink.

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Why is handwashing important?

Washing hands frequently helps prevent germs from spreading to your mouth or contaminating food.

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Why is ventilation important in preventing disease spread?

Sunlight and ventilation helps reduce the concentration of germs in the air.

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Why should we avoid crowded places during epidemics?

Crowded places have higher concentrations of germs, increasing the chances of transmission.

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Why is personal hygiene important?

Regular bathing, clean nails, and clean hair help prevent the gathering of germs on the body.

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Why is it important to keep your surroundings clean?

Cleaning your house and surroundings removes potential breeding grounds for germs and insects.

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Influenza (Flu)

A contagious disease caused by a virus, characterized by fever, chills, sweating, headache, and body aches. It spreads through air droplets from coughing or sneezing.

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Tuberculosis (T.B)

A serious bacterial infection that affects the lungs. It spreads through air droplets from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include persistent cough, weight loss, fatigue, and chest pain.

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Malaria

A parasitic infection that infects the red blood cells. It is spread through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms include fever, chills, sweating, headache, and body aches.

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Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

A bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the mucus membrane in the respiratory tract. It is characterized by severe coughing fits that are followed by a whooping sound.

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Hepatitis

A viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver. It is spread through contaminated food and water. Symptoms include jaundice, yellowing of the eyes, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort.

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Tetanus

A bacterial infection that affects the nervous system. It is spread through contaminated wounds and dust. Symptoms include restlessness, headache, fever, stiff neck, and muscle spasms.

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HIV/AIDS

A viral infection that attacks the body's immune system, making it vulnerable to other infections. It is spread through sexual contact, infected blood, and from mother to child during pregnancy or birth.

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Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) Drink

A solution that helps to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, particularly during diarrhea. It is easy to prepare and is essential for rehydration.

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AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

A condition that arises when the HIV virus has completely destroyed the body's immune system, making the individual susceptible to various infections and diseases.

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Blood Transfusion Safety

Blood transfusions should only be done using properly tested blood from registered blood banks to prevent the transmission of HIV or other infections.

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Study Notes

Disease

  • Disease is a state where the body's normal functioning is affected, opposite to health.
  • Diseases have specific signs and symptoms.
  • Examples include sore throat, blocked nose, body ache, fever (common cold) and restlessness, disorientation, fatigue (hypertension).
  • Two main disease categories are: Communicable and Lifestyle diseases.

Immunity

  • The body's defense system protects against germs through white blood cells.
  • White blood cells produce antibodies to fight germs.
  • Immunity is the body's ability to resist a particular disease.
  • If germs overcome antibodies, disease symptoms appear.

Communicable Diseases

  • Spread from person to person.
  • Caused by germs and parasites.
  • Spread through touch, contact with infected objects, contaminated air, food, water, or sexual contact.
  • Examples: Influenza, polio, typhoid, measles, mumps, chickenpox, TB, STIs, AIDS.

Causes of Communicable Diseases

  • Germs present in air, water, and soil
  • Germs multiply and disrupt normal body function, causing symptoms.
  • Incubation period is the time between germ entry and symptom onset; may be different per disease

How Communicable Diseases Spread

  • Food and Water: Uncovered food and water can be contaminated due to unhygienic preparation, dirty utensils, and insects. Tap water is safer than water from wells, ponds, or streams. Spread diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis, cholera, typhoid.
  • Air: Coughing, speaking, or sneezing by an infected person releases germs into the air. Germs spread in crowded and poorly ventilated places.
  • Contact: Direct contact (touching an infected person or sexual contact) spread diseases like common cold, diphtheria, cholera, TB, pneumonia, measles, meningitis (and some STIs). Indirect contact (using infected objects) also spreads diseases.
  • Insects: Insects carry germs from rubbish and garbage to food. Spread diseases like cholera. Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis.

Prevention of Communicable Diseases

  • Keep infected person's belongings separate.
  • Keep water covered and boil it before use.
  • Cover food and avoid uncovered fruits and vegetables.
  • Wash utensils, hands, and maintain personal hygiene.
  • Keep homes well-ventilated.
  • Avoid crowded places.
  • Get vaccinations.
  • Practice good hygiene and clean surroundings.

Lifestyle Diseases

  • Not spread from person to person; caused by lifestyle factors. Examples are obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.
  • Chronic, long-term problems.
  • Often originate slowly, without early symptoms.
  • Increasingly common worldwide.
  • Modifiable risk factors include diet, exercise, smoking, alcohol, and stress. Non-modifiable factors include age and heredity.

Prevention of Lifestyle Diseases

  • Exercise regularly (walking, yoga, aerobics, cycling).
  • Use stairs instead of elevators.
  • Maintain a balanced diet and avoid overeating.
  • Avoid processed foods, including sugar, fat, and salt.
  • Consume whole grains and fruits/vegetables.
  • Drink plenty of water.
  • Practice yoga or meditation.
  • Avoid smoking/alcohol.
  • Reduce sedentary time.

Caring for the Sick at Home

  • Consult a doctor immediately.
  • Follow the doctor's advice.
  • Provide a proper diet and adequate rest.
  • Keep the patient's room clean.

Specific Communicable Diseases (Table Summary)

  • Provides information on the specific communicable disease (Cholera, Typhoid, Hepatitis, Influenza, TB, Malaria, Tetanus, Pertussis (whooping cough)); mode of spread, symptoms, incubation period, and management. (Specific details from the table).

HIV/AIDS

  • Caused by HIV, a virus that weakens the immune system.
  • HIV can lead to AIDS.
  • Transmission occurs through sexual contact, blood transfusions, use of infected needles, or from infected mother to child.
  • HIV/AIDS does not spread through casual contact (shaking hands, kissing).
  • No cure or vaccine yet.
  • Prevention includes: limiting sex partners, safe sex practices, using sterile needles, getting tested before blood transfusions, seeking medical advice during pregnancy.
  • HIV infection is different from AIDS; the infected person can have a productive life by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

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Description

Test your knowledge on communicable diseases and the body's immune system. This quiz covers the definitions, causes, and examples of various diseases and explores how immunity functions to protect our health. Understand the difference between communicable and lifestyle diseases in this informative quiz.

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