Common Virus Types

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Questions and Answers

Which virus is NOT typically arthropod-borne?

  • Hantavirus (correct)
  • Bunyavirus
  • Flavivirus
  • Togavirus

Which of these is an example of a coronavirus?

  • Rabies
  • COVID-19 (correct)
  • Rubeola
  • Rubella

Which type of influenza virus is considered the most virulent in humans?

  • Type D
  • Type C
  • Type B
  • Type A (correct)

What is the function of hemagglutinin (H) in influenza viruses?

<p>Binding to respiratory cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme allows influenza virus to penetrate further into the respiratory tract?

<p>Neuraminidase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Measles is caused by a virus belonging to which family?

<p>Paramyxovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a picornavirus?

<p>Rhinovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known for its bullet shape?

<p>Rhabdovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is a common cause of viral diarrhea in young children?

<p>Rotavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV belongs to which virus family?

<p>Retrovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rubella is caused by which virus?

<p>Rubivirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for Yellow Fever?

<p>Flavivirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is a common cause of gastroenteritis?

<p>Norovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ebola virus belongs to which virus family?

<p>Filovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Bunyaviruses?

<p>They are all arthropod-borne (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

SARS is associated with which type of virus?

<p>Coronavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Influenza A is characterized by which feature?

<p>It is the most virulent in humans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral protein allows the influenza virus to bind to respiratory cells?

<p>Hemagglutinin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Neuraminidase?

<p>Breaking down mucus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Poliovirus is a member of which virus family?

<p>Picornavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus, part of the Rhabdovirus family, causes acute encephalitis?

<p>Rabies virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acronym REO in Reovirus stands for:

<p>Respiratory, Enteric, Orphan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a retrovirus?

<p>HIV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rubella is also known as:

<p>German Measles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known to cause Dengue fever?

<p>Flavivirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with traveller’s diarrhea?

<p>Rotavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape are Rhabdoviruses?

<p>Bullet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hepatitis C is caused by a virus from which family?

<p>Flavivirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for Rubella?

<p>German Measles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is part of the Filovirus family?

<p>Ebola virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is smallest RNA viruses?

<p>Picornavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus may cause acute encephalitis?

<p>Rhabdovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases are caused by Flavivirus?

<p>Yellow fever, encephalitis, dengue fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is NOT caused by Coronavirus

<p>Mumps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is caused by Paramxyovirus?

<p>Measles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype is NOT caused by Orthomyxovirus?

<p>HIV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases are caused by Togavirus family?

<p>Rubella (German Measles) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for Gastroenteritis?

<p>Hepevirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a Bunyavirus transmitted by rodents?

<p>Hantavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus family includes viruses that can cause both respiratory and enteric diseases?

<p>Coronavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Influenza A, B, and C viruses are part of which virus family?

<p>Orthomyxovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Measles and mumps are caused by viruses belonging to which family?

<p>Paramyxovirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is the smallest RNA virus?

<p>Picornavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known for causing acute encephalitis and has a distinctive bullet shape?

<p>Rabies virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is a common cause of traveler’s diarrhea and viral diarrhea in young children?

<p>Rotavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) belongs to which virus family?

<p>Retrovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rubella, also known as German measles, is caused by which virus?

<p>Rubivirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known to cause Yellow Fever, encephalitis, and Dengue fever?

<p>Flavivirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is a common cause of Gastroenteritis which leads to inflammation of the stomach and intestines?

<p>Norovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus family does the Ebola virus belong to?

<p>Filovirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The H protein of the influenza virus allows the virus to do what?

<p>Bind to respiratory cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the N protein in influenza viruses?

<p>Enable the virus to penetrate further into the respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does REO stand for in the name Reovirus?

<p>Respiratory, Enteric, Orphan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these viruses is classified as a retrovirus?

<p>HIV (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another common name for Rubella?

<p>German Measles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Dengue fever?

<p>Flavivirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traveler’s diarrhea is commonly associated with which virus?

<p>Rotavirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family does Hepatitis C belong to?

<p>Flavivirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus family includes the virus responsible for causing Ebola?

<p>Filovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes German measles?

<p>Rubivirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diseases are caused by paramyxovirus family?

<p>Mumps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

H1N1(Spanish) is a subtype of:

<p>Orthomyxovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses infect plants, insects, fish, birds, mammals, including humans?

<p>rhabdovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acute Encephalitis can be caused by?

<p>Rabies virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following options, one is from Picornavirus family.

<p>HVA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hantavirus is carried by?

<p>Rodents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common cause of viral diarrhea in infants ages below 5 is

<p>Rotavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is responsible for the most virulent type of influenza?

<p>Type A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many subtypes are possible given the number of H and N subtypes?

<p>144 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Rhabdovirus?

<p>Bullet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is typically transmitted by mosquitoes?

<p>Bunyavirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

SARS is an example of which type of disease?

<p>Respiratory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Influenza A, B, and C belong to which virus family?

<p>Orthomyxovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the smallest RNA virus?

<p>Picornavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rabies is caused by which virus family

<p>Rhabdovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is associated with the acronym REO?

<p>Reovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is an example of a retrovirus?

<p>HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rubella is also referred to as:

<p>German Measles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes Gastroenteritis?

<p>Norovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is associated with Paramyxovirus?

<p>Mumps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Traveller’s diarrhea is caused by

<p>Reovirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one is responsible for the most virulent type of influenza?

<p>Type A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

COVID-19 is part of:

<p>Coronavirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is the cause of german measles?

<p>Togavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus group infects plants, insects, fish, birds, mammals, and humans?

<p>Rhabdovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is the smallest one?

<p>Picornavirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hantavirus is a type of Bunyavirus that is carried by:

<p>Rodents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Smallest RNA viruses

<p>Picornavirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common cause of diarrhea in infants ages below 5 is?

<p>Rotavirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Norovirus is a virus that causes?

<p>Gastroenteritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The H and N proteins are found in which group of viruses?

<p>Orthomyxovirus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one is the picornavirus?

<p>Rhinovirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family includes Yellow fever, encephalitis, Dengue fever, Hepatitis C virus?

<p>Flaviviridae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which family Hepatitis C virus?

<p>Flavivirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Family Filoviridae include?

<p>Ebola (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

German measles is also known as?

<p>Rubella (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Neuraminidase (N) enzyme break that allows influenza virus to penetrate further into respiratory tract?

<p>Mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The virus that causes German Measles belong to which family?

<p>Togaviridae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Orthomyxoviruses subtype is considered most virulent in humans?

<p>Type A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bunyavirus

Arthropod-borne viruses, except Hantavirus (carried by rodents).

Coronavirus

Causes respiratory and enteric diseases, including SARS and COVID-19.

Orthomyxovirus

Includes influenza A, B, and C viruses; type A is most virulent in humans.

Hemagglutinin (H)

Viral surface protein that allows the virus to bind to respiratory cells.

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Neuraminidase (N)

Enzyme that breaks mucus, allowing the virus to penetrate further into the respiratory tract.

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Paramyxovirus

Includes Measles (Rubeola) & Mumps viruses.

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Picornavirus

Smallest RNA viruses, e.g., Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatovirus (HVA).

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Rhabdovirus

Infects plants, insects, fish, birds, mammals, causing e.g., Rabies virus, bullet shaped virus causing acute encephalitis

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Reovirus

Rotavirus, causes traveler’s diarrhea and viral diarrhea in young children.

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Retrovirus

E.g., HIV (human immunodeficiency virus).

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Togavirus

E.g., Rubivirus (rubella virus): Rubella (German Measles).

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Flavivirus

Yellow fever, encephalitis, dengue fever, hepatitis C, West Nile virus.

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Calicivirus

E.g., Norovirus (Gastroenteritis), Hepevirus (HEV).

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Filovirus

E.g., Ebola virus.

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Dengue Virus

Virus spread by mosquitoes, causes Dengue Fever.

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Encephalitis

Acute inflammation of the brain, often caused by viral infection.

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Rotavirus

Traveler’s diarrhea, common in infants and children < 5 years.

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Influenza A Virus

The most virulent type of influenza virus in humans.

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Role of Hemagglutinin (H)

Allows the influenza virus to bind to respiratory cells.

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Role of Neuraminidase (N)

An enzyme that allows the influenza virus to penetrate deeper into the respiratory tract.

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Rabies Virus

Acute encephalitis caused by a bullet shaped virus.

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Traveler's Diarrhea

Diarrhea usually contracted while travelling.

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H subtypes

There are 16 subtypes of this protein on the viral surface of influenza viruses.

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N Subtypes

Breaks mucus, allowing the virus to penetrate further into the respiratory tract. There are 9 subtypes.

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Rubella

Disease caused by the rubella virus

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Study Notes

Bunyavirus

  • Transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes), except for Hantavirus, which is carried by rodents

Coronavirus

  • Causes respiratory illnesses like SARS and COVID-19, as well as enteric diseases
  • COVID-19 is also known as coronavirus disease-2019

Orthomyxovirus

  • Includes influenza A, B, and C viruses
  • Type A is the most virulent in humans
  • Flu-A serotypes include H1N1 (Spanish), H2N2 (Asian), and H5N2 (Avian)
  • Hemagglutinin (H) allows the virus to bind to respiratory cells; there are 16 H subtypes
  • Hemagglutinin is a protein of the viral surface
  • Neuraminidase (N) breaks mucus and allows the virus to penetrate further into the respiratory tract
  • Neuraminidase is an enzyme
  • There are 9 N subtypes, resulting in 144 possible combinations

Paramyxovirus

  • Includes Measles (Rubeola) and Mumps viruses

Picornavirus

  • Includes Enterovirus (e.g., poliovirus), Rhinovirus, and Hepatovirus (HVA)
  • Smallest RNA viruses

Rhabdovirus

  • Can infect plants, insects, fish, birds, mammals, and humans
  • Example: Rabies virus, a bullet-shaped virus that causes acute encephalitis and is bullet shaped

Reovirus

  • REO stands for "Respiratory, Enteric, Orphan"
  • One REO is Rotavirus, a cause of traveler’s diarrhea and the most common cause of viral diarrhea in infants and children under 5 years

Retrovirus

  • Example: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Togavirus

  • Example: Rubivirus (rubella virus), which causes Rubella (German Measles)

Flavivirus

  • Includes Yellow fever, encephalitis, dengue fever, hepatitis C, and West Nile virus

Calicivirus

  • Includes Norovirus (Gastroenteritis) and Hepevirus (HEV)

Filovirus

  • Example: Ebola virus

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