Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does a normal appendix appear as in a transverse plane?
What does a normal appendix appear as in a transverse plane?
What indicates an acutely inflamed appendix?
What indicates an acutely inflamed appendix?
What is the most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood?
What is the most common acute abdominal disorder in early childhood?
What does the appearance of intussusception resemble in a short-axis view?
What does the appearance of intussusception resemble in a short-axis view?
Signup and view all the answers
Which measurement is considered pathological for intussusception?
Which measurement is considered pathological for intussusception?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common clinical symptom of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants?
What is the most common clinical symptom of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What measurement of pyloric muscle thickness is most diagnostic for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
What measurement of pyloric muscle thickness is most diagnostic for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age range does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis commonly occur in infants?
At what age range does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis commonly occur in infants?
Signup and view all the answers
In the case of appendicitis, where does the pain typically originate and migrate to?
In the case of appendicitis, where does the pain typically originate and migrate to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common consequence of untreated acute appendicitis in infants and young children?
What is a common consequence of untreated acute appendicitis in infants and young children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which demographic is most commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Which demographic is most commonly affected by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic should be examined sonographically to assess hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
What characteristic should be examined sonographically to assess hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic feature of the vomiting associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
What is a characteristic feature of the vomiting associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Common Surgical Conditions
- Pylorus, appendix, and bowel conditions are covered.
Pylorus
-
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis:
- A condition where the pyloric muscle thickens and narrows the pyloric canal, leading to obstruction.
- This is a common condition in male infants (4:1 ratio)
- Typically occurs between 3 and 12 weeks of age, often peaking at 4 weeks.
- Bile-free vomiting is the most frequent symptom.
- Vomiting gets progressively more frequent and projectile as the pyloric muscle thickens.
- Dehydration and weight loss can result.
- Examination preparation typically involves fasting (NPO) for at least a couple of hours prior to scanning.
- Sonographic examination is important
- The pyloric muscle thickness greater than or equal to 3mm is a diagnostic indicator.
- Channel length measurement greater than 15-16mm is a reliable indicator.
Appendix
-
Appendicitis:
- The most common cause of emergent surgical abdominal pain in children (ages 5-15).
- Appendicitis occurs when the appendiceal lumen becomes obstructed and infected.
- Infants and young children experience a more rapid progression to perforation.
- Common symptoms include RLQ pain and vomiting with pain usually starting in the umbilicus, migrating to McBurney's Point.
- McBurney's point is located one-third the distance between the right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus.
- A curvilinear array transducer is used in a supine position.
- The patient should be instructed on the compression portion of the examination.
-
Normal Appendix Ultrasounds:
- A blind-ending, long tubular structure in a longitudinal view.
- A bullseye appearance in a transverse view.
- Appearance is compressible, with no peristalsis.
-
Acutely Inflamed Appendix Ultrasound:
- Non-compressible
- Measured outer wall to outer wall thickness is greater than 7mm.
- Increased "hyperemic" flow (look at textbook).
- Appendicolith shows acoustic shadowing, can be single or multiple.
- Enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes might also be present.
Intussusception
-
Definition:
- A condition in early childhood where one part of the bowel telescopes into another part causing obstruction.
- Typically the ileum telescopes into the cecum, but can also occur further down.
- Characterized by a telescoping pattern in the intestines.
-
Symptoms:
- Colicky abdominal pain.
- Vomiting.
- Bloody (currant-jelly) stools.
-
Diagnosis with Ultrasound:
- The bowel displays alternating hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings around an echogenic center (target or cinnamon bun sign).
- Pathologically measures greater than 3 cm in diameter.
- Other signs like Pseudo-Kidney or Sandwich sign are relevant.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on common surgical conditions, including hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and appendicitis. This quiz covers symptoms, diagnosis, and examination techniques related to these conditions. Perfect for medical students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding.
