Common Risk Factors and Symptoms of Candidiasis

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Which of the following is a characteristic of invasive candidiasis?

Results in bloodstream invasion and hematogenous spread (correct)
Involves only the skin or mucous membranes
Causes gastritis more commonly than esophagitis
Typically does not cause dysphagia

What is the primary cause of onychomycosis (fungal nail infection)?

Non-dermatophyte fungi
A combination of Candida and dermatophytes
Dermatophytes (correct)
Candida spp.

What is the most common manifestation of gastrointestinal candidiasis?

Substernal pain
Gastritis
Esophagitis (correct)
Dysphagia

Which of the following is a key characteristic of vaginal candidiasis (vulvovaginitis)?

It is attributed especially in immunocompromised patients (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of candidal onychomycosis?

Candida spp. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the soft tissue in the lateral fissure of infants allowing candidal infection?

Presence of saliva in the area (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of paronychomycosis?

Disruption of the balance between Lactobacillus and Candida (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of paronychomycosis?

Swollen, red and painful skin around the fingernail or toenail (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of intertriginous candidiasis?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where is intertriginous candidiasis commonly seen?

Axillae, groin, inter and submammary folds, intergluteal folds, interdigital spaces and umbilicus (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of candidal diaper dermatitis?

Heat and friction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of urinary tract infection caused by Candida?

Severe infection of the upper urinary tract, including necrosis of the renal papillae (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for oral candidiasis (thrush)?

HIV/AIDS or chemotherapy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Candida glabrata?

Notable consumer of trehalose (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphology of Candida species, except for Candida glabrata?

Oval yeast-like forms that produce buds or blastoconidia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of oral candidiasis in patients with HIV?

It is a common initial infection and a marker of immune failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is angular cheilitis (perleche)?

A condition affecting the commissures of the mouth, causing redness, crusting, and scaling (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic colony morphology of Candida albicans and other Candida species?

Smooth, white, creamy, and domed colonies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using Cornmeal Tween 80 agar?

To detect the characteristic chlamydoconidia produced by C. albicans (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the direct microscopic examination of scrapings from mucosal or cutaneous lesions is correct?

It involves treatment with 10-20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and may include the use of calcofluor white (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which Candida species is specifically mentioned in the text for its distinctive morphological features on colony growth?

C. albicans (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Carbohydrate Assimilation Test (CAT) mentioned in the text?

To identify C. krusei based on its glucose assimilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which Candida species is mentioned in the text as being poorly stained with H&E but staining well with PAS, Gomori Methenamine Silver, and Gridley fungus stains?

All Candida species (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inoculating tissue specimens, scrapings, and swabs from the mouth or vagina onto primary fungal isolation media?

To obtain a definitive identification of the Candida species present (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most generally accepted and economical method used in the clinical laboratory to identify yeasts?

Germ tube test (A) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of yeasts recovered from clinical specimens are Candida albicans?

80% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adhesins in the invasion process?

To allow yeast cells to stick to host cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which Candida species can form biofilms on both living and non-living surfaces?

Candida albicans (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between germ tubes and pseudohyphae?

Germ tubes have parallel sides and are aseptate, while pseudohyphae are septate and constricted at the point of origin (C) Signup and view all the answers