Common Pathogens and Infections

Bacterial Pathogens and Infections

• Clostridioides difficile: Primarily found in the colon, responsible for colitis and diarrhea, particularly after antibiotic use.

• Escherichia coli: Also resides in the colon, commonly causes gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections, with some strains leading to severe complications.

• Staphylococcus aureus: Commonly located on the skin, hair, and nasal passages, associated with a variety of infections including:

  • Wound infections: Complications from cuts or surgeries.
  • Pneumonia: Can lead to severe respiratory issues.
  • Food poisoning: Produces toxins in contaminated food.
  • Cellulitis: Skin infection leading to inflammation and redness.
  • Bacteremia: Presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, causing severe systemic effects.
  • Meningitis: Infection of the protective membranes covering the brain.
  • Osteomyelitis: Infection in the bone.
  • Septic arthritis: Infection of the joints.

• Streptococcus (B-hemolytic group A): Found in the oropharynx, skin, and perianal area, linked to:

  • "Strep throat": Common throat infection in children.
  • Rheumatic fever: A serious complication affecting the heart.
  • Scarlet fever: Characterized by a rash, often follows strep throat.
  • Impetigo: Contagious skin infection leading to sores.
  • Wound infections: Complicates healing processes.
  • Glomerulonephritis: Kidney inflammation after infection.

• Streptococcus (B-hemolytic group B): Typically located in the adult genitalia, associated with:

  • Urinary tract infections: Common in both men and women.
  • Wound infections: Increased risk postpartum and in patients with diabetes.
  • Postpartum infections: Can pose risks in new mothers, leading to complications.