Lipids Pt 1 Quiz
44 Questions
22 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Who has the higher melting point?

  • They both have the same melting point
  • Saturated Fatty Acids (correct)
  • Unsaturated Fatty Acids
  • More information is needed to determine this

    • Which mammal may require arachidonic acid as an essential fatty acid?

  • Birds
  • Cows
  • Cats (correct)
  • Dogs

    • Why are saturated fatty acids more water insoluble than unsaturated fatty acids?

  • Double bonds in the chain
  • Presence of hydroxyl group
  • Higher melting point
  • Saturated in hydrogen bonds (correct)

    • What does the number 18 represent in the fatty acid molecule's structure for this example- 18:2(9,12)?

    <p>Total number of carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbon is referred to as the 'carbonyl carbon' in a fatty acid chain?

    <p>1st carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid is essential for growth and development?

    <p>Alpha linolenic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes kinks within unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Cis double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nonmembrane phospholipids mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lung surfactant component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid compound is composed of a polar phosphate head group and 2 non-polar fatty acid tails?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the precursor for arachidonic acid in eicosanoid synthesis?

    <p>Alpha linolenic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In phospholipid structure, what does the head group do that impacts its polarity?

    <p>Links to serine or choline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid serves as the precursor for the prostaglandin hormone?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a period of fasting, what is released from adipocytes and utilized as an energy source for tissue cells?

    <p>Triacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid category includes neutral fats such as waxes and ceramides?

    <p>Simple lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid faces the external aqueous environment in membranes?

    <p>Phosphate head group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid is commonly utilized in the liver and muscles for energy production through beta oxidation?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of plasma albumin for fatty acids during circulation?

    <p><strong>Facilitate transportation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid serves as the building block for other lipids?

    <p><strong>Fatty acids</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood group is equivalent to the B-Antigen?

    <p>Blood group B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which form are fatty acids stored for energy in white adipose tissue?

    <p><strong>Triacylglycerol</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main immediate precursor for eicosanoids?

    <p>Arachidonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct structure of a sphingolipid?

    <p>fatty acid + sphingosine backbone + phosphate + choline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines blood group AB in terms of terminal sugars?

    <p>Having both Gal and GalNAc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carbon is also referred to as the beta carbon?

    <p>3rd carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of eicosanoid is responsible for the pain and fever response?

    <p>Prostaglandin (PG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are eicosanoids stored in the body?

    <p>No, they are not stored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the correct structure of a phospholipid?

    <p>2 fatty acid tails + glycerol back bone + phosphate + alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a complex lipid?

    <p>Lipoprotein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of glycolipids?

    <p>More than 1 answer is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are glycosphingolipids found in high concentrations?

    <p>In nerve tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a major component in lung surfactants?

    <p>Phosphatidylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carbon is referred to as the gamma carbon?

    <p>4th carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissues do eicosanoids act locally?

    <p>Within tissues where they are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which terminal sugar group is lacking in blood group O?

    <p>GalNAc and Gal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the activation of inflammatory cells, platelet aggregation (for blood clotting), and is involved in hypersensitivity and anaphylactic reactions?

    <p>PAF (platelet activating factor)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are glycosphingolipids and phospholipids different?

    <p>Glycosphingolipids do not contain a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond attaches the carbohydrate group to ceremide in glycosphingolipids?

    <p>O-glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Glycosphingolipids in cellular interactions?

    <p>Regulate cellular interactions, growth, and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carbon is referred to as the omega carbon?

    <p>The carbon furthest from the carbonyl carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the easiest to digest?

    <p>SCFA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is derived from serene and palmitate?

    <p>Sphingosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a component found within the inner mitochondrial membrane and is used for blood clotting?

    <p>Cardiolipin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a lipid derivative?

    <p>Ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is most commonly found in the brain?

    <p>VLCFA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fatty Acids

    • At physiological pH, fatty acids have an ionized hydroxyl group (COO^-), making them hydrophilic and amphipathic.
    • Long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are mostly hydrophobic, making them water-insoluble.
    • Over 90% of fatty acids in blood plasma are in an esterified form, contained in lipoprotein particles.

    Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids

    • Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and have a higher melting point than unsaturated fatty acids.
    • Unsaturated fatty acids have double bonds, with cis double bonds causing kinks in the fatty acid chain.
    • Two or more double bonds are spaced at 3-carbon intervals.

    Fatty Acid Nomenclature

    • Carbon atoms are numbered starting from the carbonyl carbon (carbon 1).
    • The format "#:#(#)" represents the number of carbons, double bonds, and positions of double bonds.
    • Example: 18:2(9,12) indicates 18 carbons, 2 double bonds, and double bonds at carbons 9 and 12.

    Glycolipids and Glycosphingolipids

    • Glycolipids consist of carbohydrate and lipid components, maintaining cellular membrane stability and aiding cellular recognition.
    • Glycosphingolipids are a subgroup of glycolipids, composed of a carbohydrate group and a ceramide derivative attached to an amino alcohol sphingosine.
    • Glycosphingolipids do not contain a phosphate group; instead, a mono- or oligosaccharide provides the polar head group function.
    • Glycosphingolipids are found in high concentrations in nerve tissue, interacting with the extracellular environment and involved in cellular recognition.

    Blood Group Antigens

    • Each blood type molecule has a glycosphingolipid attached to a specific sugar chain.
    • Blood types differ based on the terminal sugar group, with O lacking GalNAc and Gal, A having GalNAc, B having Gal, and AB having both Gal and GalNAc.

    Eicosanoids

    • Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids.
    • They are potent and have a wide range of effects, including physiologic (inflammatory response) and pathologic (hypersensitivity).
    • Eicosanoids are produced in small amounts, act locally, and are classified as local hormones with short half-lives.

    Arachidonic Acid

    • Arachidonic acid is the main precursor for eicosanoids and is part of membrane phospholipids.
    • It is not an essential fatty acid but can be limited, making it essential for some mammals (e.g., cats).

    Types of Eicosanoids

    • Prostaglandin (PG) is responsible for pain and fever response, impacting reproductive and GI tract, bronchopulmonary tone, and vascular smooth muscle tone.
    • Thromboxane (TX) and leukotrienes (LT) are other examples of eicosanoids.

    Lipid Classification

    • Simple lipids: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, neutral fats (waxes, ceramides), mono-, di-, triacylglycerol (TAG).
    • Complex lipids: glycolipids, sphingolipids/sphingoglycolipids, phospholipids, lipoproteins.
    • Derived lipids: steroids, eicosanoids, ketones, fat-soluble vitamins.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Lipids Pt 1.docx

    Description

    Learn about common examples of simple lipids like fatty acids, neutral fats, and glycerol. Explore complex lipids such as glycolipids, phospholipids, and lipoproteins. Discover derived lipids like steroids, eicosanoids, ketones, and fat-soluble vitamins.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser