Common Lab Tests in Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the liver concerning ammonia in the body?

The liver converts ammonia to urea, which is then excreted in urine.

List two factors that could interfere with blood ammonia testing.

Smoking and a high-protein diet can interfere with blood ammonia testing.

What could indicate liver disease based on blood ammonia levels?

Higher blood ammonia levels can indicate liver disease such as cirrhosis or hepatitis.

Explain why strenuous exercise before a blood ammonia test can affect the results.

<p>Strenuous exercise can lead to an increase in ammonia levels in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might lower blood ammonia levels in a patient?

<p>Broad spectrum antibiotics and potassium salts can lower blood ammonia levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for albumin (AL) in g/L?

<p>35–50 g/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two tests included in the complete blood count and differential.

<p>Hemoglobin (Hgb) and White Blood Cell (WBC) count.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of specimen is typically used for chemistry tests?

<p>Blood and urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is used to monitor liver function and measure ammonia levels?

<p>Ammonia (AMM, NH3) test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two indications for measuring albumin levels?

<p>Diagnosing liver disease and assessing nutritional status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could lead to artificially high albumin results?

<p>Severe dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a urinalysis, what is the primary purpose?

<p>To assess kidney function and detect urinary tract infections or other abnormalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one drug that can interfere with normal serum electrophoretic patterns for albumin testing.

<p>Aspirin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of albumin in the body?

<p>Albumin maintains colloidal osmotic pressure in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ammonia testing important for diagnosing liver diseases?

<p>High ammonia levels can indicate severe liver dysfunction, as the liver processes ammonia from protein metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a complete blood count (CBC) measure?

<p>A CBC measures various components including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the two main categories of tests included in coagulation studies.

<p>Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specimen is typically used for urinalysis?

<p>A 24-hour urine collection is commonly used for urinalysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle factor could affect blood glucose (GLU) testing results?

<p>Recent food intake can affect blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

List one indication for performing a urinalysis.

<p>To detect urinary tract infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the normal range for creatinine (Cr) typically indicate?

<p>Normal creatinine levels indicate healthy kidney function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which common lab test could reveal signs of malnutrition?

<p>The albumin (AL) test can indicate malnutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'culture and sensitivity' in urine tests refer to?

<p>It refers to testing for bacteria in urine and determining their susceptibility to antibiotics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the liver contribute to the metabolism of ammonia in the body?

<p>The liver converts ammonia to urea, which is excreted in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of high blood ammonia levels related to liver function?

<p>High blood ammonia levels may indicate liver disease, such as cirrhosis or hepatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood tube is used for testing ammonia levels?

<p>A green blood tube is used for ammonia testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one interfering factor that can increase blood ammonia levels.

<p>Drugs such as loop diuretics can increase blood ammonia levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does a high-protein diet have on blood ammonia testing?

<p>A high-protein diet may lead to elevated blood ammonia levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what condition could extremely high ammonia levels be observed aside from liver disease?

<p>Heart failure can also result in extremely high ammonia levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of amylase in the body?

<p>Amylase helps in the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into sugars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might strenuous exercise before an ammonia test affect the results?

<p>Strenuous exercise can artificially raise blood ammonia levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might cause elevated ammonia levels associated with severe bleeding?

<p>Severe bleeding from the stomach or intestines can lead to elevated ammonia levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one indication for measuring ammonia levels in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition?

<p>Measuring ammonia levels can check for liver function and assess treatment success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Common Lab Tests

  • Chemistry tests measure the levels of chemical components in bodily fluids and tissues to detect abnormalities.
  • Blood and urine are the most common specimens used in chemistry testing.
  • Albumin (AL) is a protein made in the liver that maintains colloidal osmotic pressure.
    • Normal range: 35–50 g/L
    • Used to diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver, impaired nutrition, chronic edema, and cancer.
    • Low levels can indicate malnutrition, liver disease, ascites, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disorder, GI malabsorption syndromes, and pregnancy.
    • High levels can indicate severe dehydration.
  • Ammonia (AMM, NH3) is a byproduct of protein breakdown. The liver converts ammonia to urea for excretion in urine.
    • Normal range: 6–47 mcmol/L
    • Used to diagnose severe liver diseases, check liver function, monitor treatment for severe liver disease, and monitor levels in people receiving total parenteral nutrition.
    • Low levels can indicate essential or malignant hypertension.
    • High levels can indicate liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis), Reye syndrome, heart failure, kidney failure, or severe bleeding from the stomach or intestines.
  • Amylase (AMY) is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates.
    • Normal range: Varies based on lab and method.
    • Used to diagnose and monitor pancreatitis, and detect other conditions that affect the pancreas, salivary glands, and intestines.
    • Low levels can indicate pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, cystic fibrosis, and other conditions.
    • High levels can indicate pancreatitis, mumps, salivary gland infections, and other conditions.

Common Lab Tests

  • Chemistry Tests measure the level of chemical components in body fluids and tissues to detect abnormalities.
  • Albumin (AL)
    • Normal Range: 35–50 g/L
    • Used to diagnose and monitor diseases of the liver, impaired nutrition, chronic edema, and cancer.
    • Component of total serum protein (pre-albumin, albumin, and globulins).
    • Albumin is a protein that is made in the liver.
    • Albumin maintains colloidal osmotic pressure.
    • Blood Tube: Red
    • Urine: 24-hour urine collection.
    • Lower Results: Indicative of malnutrition, Liver disease, Ascites, Inflammatory disease, Autoimmune disorder, GI malabsorption syndromes, Pregnancy.
    • Higher Results: Severe dehydration.
  • Ammonia (AMM, NH3)
    • Normal Range: 6–47 mcmol/L
    • Used to diagnose severe liver diseases.
    • Measures the amount of ammonia in the blood.
    • Ammonia in the body is created by the breakdown of protein.
    • The liver converts ammonia to urea, which is excreted as urine in the kidneys.
    • Blood Tube: Green
    • Lower Results: Essential or malignant hypertension
    • Higher Results: Liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis), Reye syndrome, Heart failure, Kidney failure, Severe bleeding from stomach or intestines.
  • Amylase (AMY)
    • Serum Amylase: 25–125 IU/L
    • Pancreatic Amylase: 1–10 IU/L
    • Amylase is an enzyme that helps digest carbohydrates.
    • It is produced by the pancreas and salivary glands.
    • Used to diagnose acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and other conditions that can damage the pancreas.
    • Blood Tube: Red
    • Lower Results: Not clinically significant.
    • Higher Results: Acute pancreatitis, Chronic pancreatitis, Renal failure, Mumps, Salivary gland disorders, Perforated peptic ulcer, Bowel obstruction, Abdominal trauma

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Description

Explore the various common laboratory tests used in chemistry, focusing on blood and urine analysis. This quiz covers key components like Albumin and Ammonia, their normal ranges, and their significance in diagnosing health conditions. Test your understanding of how these tests aid in assessing liver function and overall health.

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