Common Chemicals and Their Properties

Common Chemicals and Their Properties

• Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a flammable liquid (FL) with a wide range of applications, including as a solvent and in nail polish remover.
• Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, commonly used in vinegar.
• Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. It is found in household cleaners and fertilizers.
• Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a solution of ammonia in water, known as "ammonia water".
• Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is a white crystalline solid commonly used in agriculture as a fertilizer.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless and odorless gas, naturally occurring in the atmosphere, important for photosynthesis and used in carbonated beverages.
• Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas (TG) produced during incomplete combustion.
• Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
• Nitric acid (HNO3) is a highly corrosive and strong acid (AM) used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers and explosives.
• Barium alkali (hydroxide) (Ba(OH)2) is a strong base (AM) used in chemical analysis and for the production of other barium compounds.
• Petrol (C6H14...C10H22) is a flammable liquid (FL) consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, used as fuel for internal combustion engines.
• Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) is a white crystalline solid used as a cleaning agent, a pesticide, and a water softener.
• Boric acid (H3BO3) is a weak acid (FA) widely used in the production of ceramics as an antiseptic agent.
• Butane (C4H10) is a flammable gas (FG) commonly used as a fuel for lighters and camping stoves.
• Chlorine (Cl2) is a yellowish-green gas (TG) used as a disinfectant and bleach.
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid (AM) used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers and plastics.
• Ethane (C2H6) is a flammable gas (FG) naturally present in natural gas.
• Ether (C2H5OC2H5) is a volatile and flammable liquid (FL) commonly used as a solvent.
• Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is a flammable liquid (FL) commonly used as a beverage and as an industrial solvent.
• Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a strong acid (AM) used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers and food additives.
• Phosgene (COCl2) is a colorless and toxic gas (TG) used in the production of various chemicals.
• Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3) is a viscous liquid (FL) used in the production of soaps, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
• Iodine (I2) is a dark purple solid used as an antiseptic and for the production of pharmaceuticals.
• Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) (Ca(OH)2) is a white solid (AM) used in construction and agriculture.
• Calcium carbonate (chalk, limestone) (CaCO3) is a white solid commonly found in rocks and used in building materials and pharmaceuticals.
• Calcium oxide (burnt lime) (CaO) is a white solid (AM) used in the production of cement and other building materials.
• Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is an orange crystalline solid used as an oxidizing agent in various industries.
• Potassium carbonate (potash) (K2CO3) is a white crystalline solid used in the production of glass and soap.
• Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a dark purple crystalline solid (FA) used as an oxidizing agent and disinfectant.
• Potassium alkali (KOH) is a strong base (AM) used in the production of soaps and detergents.
• Crystalsoda (Na2CO3·10H2O) is a white crystalline solid used in the production of detergents, glass, and food additives.
• Methane (CH4) is a flammable gas (FG) naturally present in natural gas.
• Sodium chloride (white salt) (NaCl) is a white crystalline solid used for seasoning food, for preserving food, and in various industrial processes.
• Sodium alkali (NaOH) is a strong base (AM) used in the production of soaps, detergents, and paper.
• Sodium hydrocarbonate (backing soda) (NaHCO3) is a white crystalline solid (FA) used in baking, as an antacid, and as a cleaning agent.
• Propane (C3H8) is a flammable gas (FG) used as a fuel in various appliances.
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid (AM) used in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and batteries.
• Hydrosulfide (H2S) is a colorless and toxic gas (TG) with a rotten egg odor.
• Soda (Na2CO3) is a white crystalline solid used in the production of glass and soap, as well as in various industrial processes.

Flammable Liquids (FL)

• Acetone (CH3COCH3): a colorless liquid solvent commonly used in paints, nail polish removers, and other household products.
• Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH): a colorless liquid that is the intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
• Ether (C2H5OC2H5): a highly volatile and flammable liquid used as a solvent and in the production of pharmaceuticals.
• Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3): a sweet, syrupy liquid used as a humectant, solvent and in the production of cosmetics, explosives and pharmaceuticals
• Petrol (C6H14...C10H22): a mixture of hydrocarbons used as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
• Potassium permanganate (KMnO4): a strong oxidizing agent used in water treatment, chemical synthesis, and medicine.
• Boric acid (H3BO3): a weak acid commonly used as an antiseptic and in the production of glass and ceramics.

Flammable Gases (FG)

• Butane (C4H10): a highly flammable gas used as a fuel in lighters, camping stoves, and other appliances.
• Ethane (C2H6): a flammable gas used as a chemical feedstock.
• Methane (CH4): a highly flammable gas produced by the decomposition of organic matter and is a primary component of natural gas.
• Propane (C3H8): a flammable gas used as a fuel in homes and industries.

Aggressive Materials (AM)

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH): a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, commonly used in vinegar. It's an irritant and a corrosive material.
• Ammonia (NH3): a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It's a strong irritant and corrosive material.
• Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH): a colorless solution of ammonia in water. It's a strong alkali and highly caustic.
• Barium alkali (hydroxide) (Ba(OH)2): a strong alkali and extremely corrosive material.
• Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) (Ca(OH)2): a strong alkali used in the production of mortar, cement, and other building materials.
• Calcium oxide (burnt lime) (CaO): a strongly corrosive material used in the production of cement, mortar, and other industries.
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl): a strong corrosive acid.
• Nitric acid (HNO3): a corrosive and strong oxidizing acid.
• Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4): a colorless and viscous liquid widely used in fertilizers and the production of detergents, food additives, and other chemical products.
• Potassium alkali (hydroxide) (KOH): a strong alkali widely used in the production of soap, fertilizer, and other various industries.
• Sodium alkali (hydroxide) (NaOH): a strong alkali widely used in the production of soap, paper, and other various industries.
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4): a highly corrosive and toxic acid, used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and many industrial processes.

Toxic Gases (TG)

• Carbon monoxide (CO): a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can cause death by asphyxiation.
• Chlorine (Cl2): a greenish-yellow gas with a suffocating odor that can cause severe respiratory irritation and even death.
• Phosgene (COCl2): a highly toxic gas that can cause serious lung damage and death.
• Hydrosulfide (H2S): a colorless gas with a foul odor that can kill quickly.

Other Materials

• Carbon dioxide (CO2): a colorless, odorless gas produced during respiration and used as a fire extinguisher.
• Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4): a white crystalline substance commonly used as a fertilizer.
• Carbonic acid (H2CO3): a weak acid formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
• Borax (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O): a white powdery compound commonly used as a laundry booster, water softener, and insect control.
• Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7): an orange crystalline compound used in the production of dyes, pigments, and other industrial processes.
• Potassium carbonate (potash) (K2CO3): a white powder used in the production of glass, soap, and fertilizer.
• Sodium chloride (white salt) (NaCl): a white crystalline compound used in cooking, industrial processes, and many other industries.
• Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) (NaHCO3): a white powdery compound used in baking, cleaning, and various industrial processes.
• Soda (Na2CO3): white crystalline compound widely used in the production of glass, paper, and other industrial processes.

Crystalsoda

• Crystalsoda is a white crystalline compound – Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3 ·10H2O). It is commonly used in water treatment, detergents, and the production of glass, soap, and paper.

Acids and Bases

• Strong Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO3), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are all classified as strong acids.
• Weak Acids: Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Boric acid (H3BO3), Carbonic acid (H2CO3), Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are considered weak acids.
• Strong Bases: Barium alkali (Ba(OH)2), Potassium alkali (KOH), Sodium alkali (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are all classified as strong bases.
• Weak Bases: Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a weak base.

Flammable Materials

• Flammable Liquids: Acetone (CH3COCH3), Butane (C4H10), Ether (C2H5OC2H5), Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH), Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3), Petrol (C6H14...C10H22), Propane (C3H8), and Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) are all flammable liquids.
• Flammable Gases: Ammonia (NH3), Butane (C4H10), Ethane (C2H6), Methane (CH4), and Propane (C3H8) are all flammable gases.

Toxic and Aggressive Materials

• Toxic Gases: Carbon monoxide (CO), Chlorine (Cl2), Phosgene (COCl2), Hydrosulfide (H2S) are all classified as toxic gases.
• Aggressive Materials: Boric acid (H3BO3), Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) are considered aggressive materials along with the strong acids and bases.
• Other Toxic Materials: Iodine (I2) is a toxic material.

Common Salts

• Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the chemical name for white salt.
• Sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO3) is the chemical name for baking soda.
• Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is the chemical name for potash.
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the chemical name for chalk and limestone.
• Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is a common fertilizer.

Other Important Chemicals

• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas.
• Calcium oxide (CaO) is known as burnt lime.
• Crystalsoda is another name for sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3 · 10H2O).
• Soda is the common name for Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
• Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a strong oxidizer, used in some chemical reactions.

### Acids

• Acetic acid - CH3COOH - used in vinegar and other chemical processes.
• Carbonic acid - H2CO3 - formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
• Hydrochloric acid - HCl - a strong acid used in various industrial processes.
• Nitric acid - HNO3 - a strong acid used in the production of fertilizers and explosives.
• Ortho-phosphoric acid - H3PO4 - a weak acid used in fertilizers, detergents, and food additives.
• Sulfuric acid - H2SO4 - a strong acid used in the production of fertilizers, batteries, and other chemicals.

Bases

• Ammonia - NH3 - a weak base with various industrial and household applications.
• Ammonium hydroxide - NH4OH - a weak base used in cleaning products.
• Barium alkali (hydroxide) - Ba(OH)2 - a strong base used in various industrial applications.
• Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) - Ca(OH)2 - a strong base used in construction and agriculture.
• Potassium alkali - KOH - a strong base used in various industrial applications.
• Sodium alkali - NaOH - a strong base used in various industrial applications.

Organic Compounds

• **Acetone ** - CH3COCH3 - a flammable liquid used as a solvent.
• Butane - C4H10 - a flammable gas used as fuel.
• Ethane - C2H6 - a flammable gas used as a fuel.
• Ether - C2H5OC2H5 - a flammable liquid used as a solvent.
• Ethyl alcohol - C2H5OH - a flammable liquid used in beverages and as a solvent.
• Glycerol - C3H5(OH)3 - a viscous liquid used in cosmetics and other products.
• Methane - CH4 - a flammable gas used as fuel.
• Petrol - C6H14...C10H22 - a flammable liquid used as fuel.
• Propane - C3H8 - a flammable gas used as fuel.

Inorganic Compounds

• Ammonium sulfate - (NH4)2SO4 - a compound used as a fertilizer.
• Borax - Na2B4O7 · 10H2O - a compound used in detergents and other products.
• Boric acid - H3BO3 - a weak acid used in various household and industrial applications.
• Calcium carbonate (chalk, limestone) - CaCO3 - a compound used in construction and other industries.
• Calcium oxide (burnt lime) - CaO - a compound used in construction and other industries.
• Carbon dioxide - CO2 - a gas that is a greenhouse gas and used in various industrial applications.
• Carbon monoxide - CO - a toxic gas.
• Chlorine - Cl2 - a toxic gas used in various industrial applications.
• Crystalsoda - Na2CO3 · 10H2O - a compound used in detergents and other products.
• Iodine - I2 - a non-metallic element used in various applications.
• Potassium carbonate (potash) - K2CO3 - a compound used in fertilizers and other industries.
• Potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7 - a compound used in various industrial applications.
• Potassium permanganate - KMnO4 - a compound used in various industrial applications.
• Phosgene - COCl2 - a toxic gas used in various industrial applications.
• Sodium chloride (white salt) - NaCl - a compound used in various applications.
• Sodium hydrocarbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3 - a compound used in baking and other applications.
• Hydrosulfide - H2S - a gas that is toxic, flammable and highly corrosive, commonly used in industrial and manufacturing processes.

Hazard Information

• Aggressive materials (AM) - These are materials that can cause harm if they come into contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
• Flammable Liquids (FL) - These are liquids that can easily ignite and burn. They are typically volatile and have low flash points.
• Flammable Gases (FG) - These are gases that can easily ignite and burn. They are typically volatile and have low ignition temperatures.
• Toxic Gases (TG) - These are gases that can cause harm if they are inhaled or come into contact with skin. They can be poisonous or suffocating.

### Acids

• Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak organic acid with a sour taste and pungent smell.
• Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak inorganic acid that forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
• Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong inorganic acid that is highly corrosive.
• Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong inorganic acid that is highly corrosive and toxic.
• Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a weak inorganic acid that is used in fertilizers and detergents.
• Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong inorganic acid that is highly corrosive and is used in various industrial processes.

Bases

• Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a weak inorganic base with a pungent odor.
• Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) is a strong inorganic base that is highly corrosive.
• Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a strong inorganic base commonly known as slaked lime, used in building materials.
• Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong inorganic base that is highly corrosive.
• Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong inorganic base that is highly corrosive, commonly known as lye.

Salts

• Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is an inorganic salt used as a fertilizer.
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic salt commonly known as chalk or limestone.
• Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an inorganic salt commonly known as table salt.

Carbon Compounds

• Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor, commonly used as a solvent.
• Butane (C4H10) is a highly flammable gas used as a fuel.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas that is essential for plant life.
• Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and toxic gas.
• Ethane (C2H6) is a flammable gas used as a fuel.
• Ether (C2H5OC2H5) is a highly flammable liquid used as a solvent and anesthetic.
• Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is a flammable liquid that is the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
• Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3) is a colorless, viscous liquid used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as a sweetener.
• Methane (CH4) is a highly flammable gas used as a fuel.
• Propane (C3H8) is a flammable gas used as a fuel.

Other Chemicals

• Borax (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O) is a white, powdery compound used in detergents and as a cleaning agent.
• Boric acid (H3BO3) is a weak inorganic acid used as an antiseptic and insecticide.
• Chlorine (Cl2) is a toxic, yellowish gas used as a disinfectant and bleach.
• Iodine (I2) is a purplish black solid used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
• Phosgene (COCl2) is a highly toxic, colorless gas used in chemical warfare.
• Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a bright orange compound used in chemical processes.
• Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white, powdery compound commonly known as potash, used in making glass and soap.
• Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a dark purple compound used as an oxidant and disinfectant.
• Sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO3) is a white, powdery compound commonly known as baking soda, used in baking and as an antacid.
• Crystalsoda (Na2CO3 ·10H2O) is a white, powdery compound commonly used in cleaning and detergents.
• Hydrosulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable gas with a foul odor.
• Soda (Na2CO3) is a white, powdery compound commonly used in cleaning and detergents.