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Questions and Answers
Acetic acid is represented by the formula ______.
Acetic acid is represented by the formula ______.
CH3COOH
The chemical formula for sodium chloride is ______.
The chemical formula for sodium chloride is ______.
NaCl
Glycerol is a common ingredient in various cosmetics and has the formula ______.
Glycerol is a common ingredient in various cosmetics and has the formula ______.
C3H5(OH)3
______ acid is known as a strong mineral acid and has the formula H2SO4.
______ acid is known as a strong mineral acid and has the formula H2SO4.
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The chemical formula for ammonia is ______.
The chemical formula for ammonia is ______.
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_________ is a common solvent used in nail polish remover.
_________ is a common solvent used in nail polish remover.
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_________ acid is often found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals.
_________ acid is often found in vinegar and is used in the production of various chemicals.
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_________ is commonly used in cleaning products due to its alkaline properties.
_________ is commonly used in cleaning products due to its alkaline properties.
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_________ gas is a toxic gas that can impact your health if inhaled.
_________ gas is a toxic gas that can impact your health if inhaled.
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_______ is a flammable liquid commonly used as fuel or in industrial applications.
_______ is a flammable liquid commonly used as fuel or in industrial applications.
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_________ is a colorless gas with the formula CO2.
_________ is a colorless gas with the formula CO2.
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_________ is often used in fertilizers and has a formula of (NH4)2SO4.
_________ is often used in fertilizers and has a formula of (NH4)2SO4.
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_________ is a common household cleaning agent known for its alkaline properties, represented by the formula NaOH.
_________ is a common household cleaning agent known for its alkaline properties, represented by the formula NaOH.
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_________ is a flammable gas often used as a fuel, represented by the formula C3H8.
_________ is a flammable gas often used as a fuel, represented by the formula C3H8.
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_________ acid is known for its strong corrosive properties and has the formula HCl.
_________ acid is known for its strong corrosive properties and has the formula HCl.
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_________ is a flammable liquid known for its use as a solvent and has the formula C2H5OH.
_________ is a flammable liquid known for its use as a solvent and has the formula C2H5OH.
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_________ acid is often utilized in the production of fertilizers and is represented by the formula H3PO4.
_________ acid is often utilized in the production of fertilizers and is represented by the formula H3PO4.
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The chemical compound represented by the formula CO is known as ________ gas, which is toxic when inhaled.
The chemical compound represented by the formula CO is known as ________ gas, which is toxic when inhaled.
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_________ is a compound with the formula CaO, often used in the production of cement and as a drying agent.
_________ is a compound with the formula CaO, often used in the production of cement and as a drying agent.
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_________ is a toxic gas used in chemical manufacturing and has the formula COCl2.
_________ is a toxic gas used in chemical manufacturing and has the formula COCl2.
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_________ is a strong acid represented by the formula HNO3.
_________ is a strong acid represented by the formula HNO3.
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_______ is a toxic gas used in industrial processes and has the formula CO.
_______ is a toxic gas used in industrial processes and has the formula CO.
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_________ is often used as a refrigerant and has the formula C4H10.
_________ is often used as a refrigerant and has the formula C4H10.
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_______ is a compound that serves as a common antacid with the formula NaHCO3.
_______ is a compound that serves as a common antacid with the formula NaHCO3.
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_______ is a common element found in disinfectants and is represented by the formula Cl2.
_______ is a common element found in disinfectants and is represented by the formula Cl2.
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Study Notes
Common Chemicals and Their Properties
- Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a flammable liquid (FL) with a wide range of applications, including as a solvent and in nail polish remover.
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, commonly used in vinegar.
- Ammonia (NH3) is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. It is found in household cleaners and fertilizers.
- Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a solution of ammonia in water, known as "ammonia water".
- Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is a white crystalline solid commonly used in agriculture as a fertilizer.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless and odorless gas, naturally occurring in the atmosphere, important for photosynthesis and used in carbonated beverages.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and highly toxic gas (TG) produced during incomplete combustion.
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak acid formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
- Nitric acid (HNO3) is a highly corrosive and strong acid (AM) used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers and explosives.
- Barium alkali (hydroxide) (Ba(OH)2) is a strong base (AM) used in chemical analysis and for the production of other barium compounds.
- Petrol (C6H14...C10H22) is a flammable liquid (FL) consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons, used as fuel for internal combustion engines.
- Borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) is a white crystalline solid used as a cleaning agent, a pesticide, and a water softener.
- Boric acid (H3BO3) is a weak acid (FA) widely used in the production of ceramics as an antiseptic agent.
- Butane (C4H10) is a flammable gas (FG) commonly used as a fuel for lighters and camping stoves.
- Chlorine (Cl2) is a yellowish-green gas (TG) used as a disinfectant and bleach.
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid (AM) used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers and plastics.
- Ethane (C2H6) is a flammable gas (FG) naturally present in natural gas.
- Ether (C2H5OC2H5) is a volatile and flammable liquid (FL) commonly used as a solvent.
- Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is a flammable liquid (FL) commonly used as a beverage and as an industrial solvent.
- Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a strong acid (AM) used in various industries, including the production of fertilizers and food additives.
- Phosgene (COCl2) is a colorless and toxic gas (TG) used in the production of various chemicals.
- Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3) is a viscous liquid (FL) used in the production of soaps, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
- Iodine (I2) is a dark purple solid used as an antiseptic and for the production of pharmaceuticals.
- Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) (Ca(OH)2) is a white solid (AM) used in construction and agriculture.
- Calcium carbonate (chalk, limestone) (CaCO3) is a white solid commonly found in rocks and used in building materials and pharmaceuticals.
- Calcium oxide (burnt lime) (CaO) is a white solid (AM) used in the production of cement and other building materials.
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is an orange crystalline solid used as an oxidizing agent in various industries.
- Potassium carbonate (potash) (K2CO3) is a white crystalline solid used in the production of glass and soap.
- Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a dark purple crystalline solid (FA) used as an oxidizing agent and disinfectant.
- Potassium alkali (KOH) is a strong base (AM) used in the production of soaps and detergents.
- Crystalsoda (Na2CO3·10H2O) is a white crystalline solid used in the production of detergents, glass, and food additives.
- Methane (CH4) is a flammable gas (FG) naturally present in natural gas.
- Sodium chloride (white salt) (NaCl) is a white crystalline solid used for seasoning food, for preserving food, and in various industrial processes.
- Sodium alkali (NaOH) is a strong base (AM) used in the production of soaps, detergents, and paper.
- Sodium hydrocarbonate (backing soda) (NaHCO3) is a white crystalline solid (FA) used in baking, as an antacid, and as a cleaning agent.
- Propane (C3H8) is a flammable gas (FG) used as a fuel in various appliances.
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid (AM) used in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and batteries.
- Hydrosulfide (H2S) is a colorless and toxic gas (TG) with a rotten egg odor.
- Soda (Na2CO3) is a white crystalline solid used in the production of glass and soap, as well as in various industrial processes.
Flammable Liquids (FL)
- Acetone (CH3COCH3): a colorless liquid solvent commonly used in paints, nail polish removers, and other household products.
- Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH): a colorless liquid that is the intoxicating ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
- Ether (C2H5OC2H5): a highly volatile and flammable liquid used as a solvent and in the production of pharmaceuticals.
- Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3): a sweet, syrupy liquid used as a humectant, solvent and in the production of cosmetics, explosives and pharmaceuticals
- Petrol (C6H14...C10H22): a mixture of hydrocarbons used as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
- Potassium permanganate (KMnO4): a strong oxidizing agent used in water treatment, chemical synthesis, and medicine.
- Boric acid (H3BO3): a weak acid commonly used as an antiseptic and in the production of glass and ceramics.
Flammable Gases (FG)
- Butane (C4H10): a highly flammable gas used as a fuel in lighters, camping stoves, and other appliances.
- Ethane (C2H6): a flammable gas used as a chemical feedstock.
- Methane (CH4): a highly flammable gas produced by the decomposition of organic matter and is a primary component of natural gas.
- Propane (C3H8): a flammable gas used as a fuel in homes and industries.
Aggressive Materials (AM)
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH): a colorless liquid with a pungent odor, commonly used in vinegar. It's an irritant and a corrosive material.
- Ammonia (NH3): a colorless gas with a pungent odor. It's a strong irritant and corrosive material.
- Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH): a colorless solution of ammonia in water. It's a strong alkali and highly caustic.
- Barium alkali (hydroxide) (Ba(OH)2): a strong alkali and extremely corrosive material.
- Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) (Ca(OH)2): a strong alkali used in the production of mortar, cement, and other building materials.
- Calcium oxide (burnt lime) (CaO): a strongly corrosive material used in the production of cement, mortar, and other industries.
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl): a strong corrosive acid.
- Nitric acid (HNO3): a corrosive and strong oxidizing acid.
- Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4): a colorless and viscous liquid widely used in fertilizers and the production of detergents, food additives, and other chemical products.
- Potassium alkali (hydroxide) (KOH): a strong alkali widely used in the production of soap, fertilizer, and other various industries.
- Sodium alkali (hydroxide) (NaOH): a strong alkali widely used in the production of soap, paper, and other various industries.
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4): a highly corrosive and toxic acid, used in chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining, and many industrial processes.
Toxic Gases (TG)
- Carbon monoxide (CO): a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can cause death by asphyxiation.
- Chlorine (Cl2): a greenish-yellow gas with a suffocating odor that can cause severe respiratory irritation and even death.
- Phosgene (COCl2): a highly toxic gas that can cause serious lung damage and death.
- Hydrosulfide (H2S): a colorless gas with a foul odor that can kill quickly.
Other Materials
- Carbon dioxide (CO2): a colorless, odorless gas produced during respiration and used as a fire extinguisher.
- Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4): a white crystalline substance commonly used as a fertilizer.
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3): a weak acid formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide with water.
- Borax (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O): a white powdery compound commonly used as a laundry booster, water softener, and insect control.
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7): an orange crystalline compound used in the production of dyes, pigments, and other industrial processes.
- Potassium carbonate (potash) (K2CO3): a white powder used in the production of glass, soap, and fertilizer.
- Sodium chloride (white salt) (NaCl): a white crystalline compound used in cooking, industrial processes, and many other industries.
- Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) (NaHCO3): a white powdery compound used in baking, cleaning, and various industrial processes.
- Soda (Na2CO3): white crystalline compound widely used in the production of glass, paper, and other industrial processes.
Crystalsoda
- Crystalsoda is a white crystalline compound – Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3 ·10H2O). It is commonly used in water treatment, detergents, and the production of glass, soap, and paper.
Acids and Bases
- Strong Acids: Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Nitric acid (HNO3), Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are all classified as strong acids.
- Weak Acids: Acetic acid (CH3COOH), Boric acid (H3BO3), Carbonic acid (H2CO3), Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are considered weak acids.
- Strong Bases: Barium alkali (Ba(OH)2), Potassium alkali (KOH), Sodium alkali (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are all classified as strong bases.
- Weak Bases: Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a weak base.
Flammable Materials
- Flammable Liquids: Acetone (CH3COCH3), Butane (C4H10), Ether (C2H5OC2H5), Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH), Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3), Petrol (C6H14...C10H22), Propane (C3H8), and Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) are all flammable liquids.
- Flammable Gases: Ammonia (NH3), Butane (C4H10), Ethane (C2H6), Methane (CH4), and Propane (C3H8) are all flammable gases.
Toxic and Aggressive Materials
- Toxic Gases: Carbon monoxide (CO), Chlorine (Cl2), Phosgene (COCl2), Hydrosulfide (H2S) are all classified as toxic gases.
- Aggressive Materials: Boric acid (H3BO3), Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) are considered aggressive materials along with the strong acids and bases.
- Other Toxic Materials: Iodine (I2) is a toxic material.
Common Salts
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is the chemical name for white salt.
- Sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO3) is the chemical name for baking soda.
- Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is the chemical name for potash.
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the chemical name for chalk and limestone.
- Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is a common fertilizer.
Other Important Chemicals
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas.
- Calcium oxide (CaO) is known as burnt lime.
- Crystalsoda is another name for sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3 · 10H2O).
- Soda is the common name for Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a strong oxidizer, used in some chemical reactions.
### Acids
- Acetic acid - CH3COOH - used in vinegar and other chemical processes.
- Carbonic acid - H2CO3 - formed when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
- Hydrochloric acid - HCl - a strong acid used in various industrial processes.
- Nitric acid - HNO3 - a strong acid used in the production of fertilizers and explosives.
- Ortho-phosphoric acid - H3PO4 - a weak acid used in fertilizers, detergents, and food additives.
- Sulfuric acid - H2SO4 - a strong acid used in the production of fertilizers, batteries, and other chemicals.
Bases
- Ammonia - NH3 - a weak base with various industrial and household applications.
- Ammonium hydroxide - NH4OH - a weak base used in cleaning products.
- Barium alkali (hydroxide) - Ba(OH)2 - a strong base used in various industrial applications.
- Calcium hydroxide (slacked lime) - Ca(OH)2 - a strong base used in construction and agriculture.
- Potassium alkali - KOH - a strong base used in various industrial applications.
- Sodium alkali - NaOH - a strong base used in various industrial applications.
Organic Compounds
- **Acetone ** - CH3COCH3 - a flammable liquid used as a solvent.
- Butane - C4H10 - a flammable gas used as fuel.
- Ethane - C2H6 - a flammable gas used as a fuel.
- Ether - C2H5OC2H5 - a flammable liquid used as a solvent.
- Ethyl alcohol - C2H5OH - a flammable liquid used in beverages and as a solvent.
- Glycerol - C3H5(OH)3 - a viscous liquid used in cosmetics and other products.
- Methane - CH4 - a flammable gas used as fuel.
- Petrol - C6H14...C10H22 - a flammable liquid used as fuel.
- Propane - C3H8 - a flammable gas used as fuel.
Inorganic Compounds
- Ammonium sulfate - (NH4)2SO4 - a compound used as a fertilizer.
- Borax - Na2B4O7 · 10H2O - a compound used in detergents and other products.
- Boric acid - H3BO3 - a weak acid used in various household and industrial applications.
- Calcium carbonate (chalk, limestone) - CaCO3 - a compound used in construction and other industries.
- Calcium oxide (burnt lime) - CaO - a compound used in construction and other industries.
- Carbon dioxide - CO2 - a gas that is a greenhouse gas and used in various industrial applications.
- Carbon monoxide - CO - a toxic gas.
- Chlorine - Cl2 - a toxic gas used in various industrial applications.
- Crystalsoda - Na2CO3 · 10H2O - a compound used in detergents and other products.
- Iodine - I2 - a non-metallic element used in various applications.
- Potassium carbonate (potash) - K2CO3 - a compound used in fertilizers and other industries.
- Potassium dichromate - K2Cr2O7 - a compound used in various industrial applications.
- Potassium permanganate - KMnO4 - a compound used in various industrial applications.
- Phosgene - COCl2 - a toxic gas used in various industrial applications.
- Sodium chloride (white salt) - NaCl - a compound used in various applications.
- Sodium hydrocarbonate (baking soda) - NaHCO3 - a compound used in baking and other applications.
- Hydrosulfide - H2S - a gas that is toxic, flammable and highly corrosive, commonly used in industrial and manufacturing processes.
Hazard Information
- Aggressive materials (AM) - These are materials that can cause harm if they come into contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
- Flammable Liquids (FL) - These are liquids that can easily ignite and burn. They are typically volatile and have low flash points.
- Flammable Gases (FG) - These are gases that can easily ignite and burn. They are typically volatile and have low ignition temperatures.
- Toxic Gases (TG) - These are gases that can cause harm if they are inhaled or come into contact with skin. They can be poisonous or suffocating.
### Acids
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak organic acid with a sour taste and pungent smell.
- Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is a weak inorganic acid that forms when carbon dioxide dissolves in water.
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong inorganic acid that is highly corrosive.
- Nitric acid (HNO3) is a strong inorganic acid that is highly corrosive and toxic.
- Ortho-phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is a weak inorganic acid that is used in fertilizers and detergents.
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong inorganic acid that is highly corrosive and is used in various industrial processes.
Bases
- Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is a weak inorganic base with a pungent odor.
- Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) is a strong inorganic base that is highly corrosive.
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a strong inorganic base commonly known as slaked lime, used in building materials.
- Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a strong inorganic base that is highly corrosive.
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong inorganic base that is highly corrosive, commonly known as lye.
Salts
- Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) is an inorganic salt used as a fertilizer.
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic salt commonly known as chalk or limestone.
- Sodium chloride (NaCl) is an inorganic salt commonly known as table salt.
Carbon Compounds
- Acetone (CH3COCH3) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor, commonly used as a solvent.
- Butane (C4H10) is a highly flammable gas used as a fuel.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a colorless gas that is essential for plant life.
- Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and toxic gas.
- Ethane (C2H6) is a flammable gas used as a fuel.
- Ether (C2H5OC2H5) is a highly flammable liquid used as a solvent and anesthetic.
- Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) is a flammable liquid that is the primary ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
- Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3) is a colorless, viscous liquid used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as a sweetener.
- Methane (CH4) is a highly flammable gas used as a fuel.
- Propane (C3H8) is a flammable gas used as a fuel.
Other Chemicals
- Borax (Na2B4O7 · 10H2O) is a white, powdery compound used in detergents and as a cleaning agent.
- Boric acid (H3BO3) is a weak inorganic acid used as an antiseptic and insecticide.
- Chlorine (Cl2) is a toxic, yellowish gas used as a disinfectant and bleach.
- Iodine (I2) is a purplish black solid used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
- Phosgene (COCl2) is a highly toxic, colorless gas used in chemical warfare.
- Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) is a bright orange compound used in chemical processes.
- Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) is a white, powdery compound commonly known as potash, used in making glass and soap.
- Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a dark purple compound used as an oxidant and disinfectant.
- Sodium hydrocarbonate (NaHCO3) is a white, powdery compound commonly known as baking soda, used in baking and as an antacid.
- Crystalsoda (Na2CO3 ·10H2O) is a white, powdery compound commonly used in cleaning and detergents.
- Hydrosulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable gas with a foul odor.
- Soda (Na2CO3) is a white, powdery compound commonly used in cleaning and detergents.
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This quiz covers various common chemicals and their properties, including their formulas, uses, and physical characteristics. You will explore important substances like acetone, ammonia, and carbon dioxide, and understand their roles in everyday life and industry.
