Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix)?
Which of the following is a common side effect of loop diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix)?
- Constipation
- Hyperkalemia
- Hypokalemia (correct)
- Bradycardia
Which medication works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and cardiac output?
Which medication works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and cardiac output?
- Lisinopril
- Metoprolol (correct)
- Terazosin
- Amlodipine
A patient taking lisinopril develops a persistent dry cough. What is the most likely cause of this symptom?
A patient taking lisinopril develops a persistent dry cough. What is the most likely cause of this symptom?
- Elevated potassium
- Accumulation of kinins (correct)
- Increased cardiac workload
- Bronchospasm
Which of the following medications may cause reflex tachycardia and should be used cautiously with beta-blockers or digoxin?
Which of the following medications may cause reflex tachycardia and should be used cautiously with beta-blockers or digoxin?
What is the primary action of ARBs like losartan?
What is the primary action of ARBs like losartan?
A nurse should monitor which of the following when administering hydrochlorothiazide? (Select All That Apply)
A nurse should monitor which of the following when administering hydrochlorothiazide? (Select All That Apply)
A patient with asthma is prescribed enalapril. What is the nurse's primary concern?
A patient with asthma is prescribed enalapril. What is the nurse's primary concern?
Which of the following is a side effect of calcium channel blockers like diltiazem? (Select All That Apply)
Which of the following is a side effect of calcium channel blockers like diltiazem? (Select All That Apply)
What is the mechanism of action of terazosin?
What is the mechanism of action of terazosin?
Which of the following should the nurse teach a patient taking furosemide?
Which of the following should the nurse teach a patient taking furosemide?
ACE inhibitors and ARBs both ultimately act to:
ACE inhibitors and ARBs both ultimately act to:
Which patient would most benefit from beta-blocker therapy for hypertension?
Which patient would most benefit from beta-blocker therapy for hypertension?
Which medication class would be contraindicated in a patient with second-degree AV block?
Which medication class would be contraindicated in a patient with second-degree AV block?
When administering ARBs like valsartan, the nurse should monitor for: (Select All That Apply)
When administering ARBs like valsartan, the nurse should monitor for: (Select All That Apply)
Which of the following medications can cause palpitations as a side effect?
Which of the following medications can cause palpitations as a side effect?
Why should potassium be included in the diet of patients on loop diuretics?
Why should potassium be included in the diet of patients on loop diuretics?
A nurse is teaching a patient starting amlodipine. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
A nurse is teaching a patient starting amlodipine. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
Which of the following statements about ACE inhibitors is true?
Which of the following statements about ACE inhibitors is true?
A patient taking ARBs reports feeling lightheaded when standing. What condition is likely?
A patient taking ARBs reports feeling lightheaded when standing. What condition is likely?
A nurse should question a prescription for diltiazem in which patient?
A nurse should question a prescription for diltiazem in which patient?
The nurse knows that beta-blockers: (Select All That Apply)
The nurse knows that beta-blockers: (Select All That Apply)
Which of the following is an important teaching point for a patient starting terazosin?
Which of the following is an important teaching point for a patient starting terazosin?
Which of the following drugs should be used cautiously in patients with renal impairment?
Which of the following drugs should be used cautiously in patients with renal impairment?
The nurse explains that amlodipine works by:
The nurse explains that amlodipine works by:
A patient on hydrochlorothiazide reports leg cramps and weakness. What is the nurse's priority?
A patient on hydrochlorothiazide reports leg cramps and weakness. What is the nurse's priority?
Flashcards
Loop Diuretics Side Effect
Loop Diuretics Side Effect
Loop diuretics increase potassium excretion, increasing the risk of hypokalemia.
Metoprolol Action
Metoprolol Action
Metoprolol decreases sympathetic stimulation to the heart, thus lowering blood pressure.
Lisinopril & Dry Cough
Lisinopril & Dry Cough
ACE inhibitors may increase bradykinin levels, leading to a chronic cough.
Amlodipine and Reflex Tachycardia
Amlodipine and Reflex Tachycardia
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ARBs Mechanism
ARBs Mechanism
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Hydrochlorothiazide Monitoring
Hydrochlorothiazide Monitoring
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Enalapril and Asthma
Enalapril and Asthma
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Diltiazem Side Effects
Diltiazem Side Effects
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Terazosin Mechanism
Terazosin Mechanism
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Furosemide Teaching
Furosemide Teaching
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ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
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Beta-Blockers and MI
Beta-Blockers and MI
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CCBs and AV Block
CCBs and AV Block
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ARBs Adverse Effects
ARBs Adverse Effects
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Terazosin Side Effect
Terazosin Side Effect
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Potassium and Loop Diuretics
Potassium and Loop Diuretics
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Amlodipine Teaching
Amlodipine Teaching
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ACE Inhibitors Mechanism
ACE Inhibitors Mechanism
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ARBs and Lightheadedness
ARBs and Lightheadedness
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Diltiazem Contraindication
Diltiazem Contraindication
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Study Notes
Loop Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide/Lasix)
- Hypokalemia is a common side effect because they increase potassium excretion
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers (e.g., Metoprolol)
- Decrease heart rate and cardiac output through reducing sympathetic stimulation to the heart
ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril)
- A persistent dry cough can occur due to an increase in bradykinin levels
Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Amlodipine)
- Can cause reflex tachycardia, so use cautiously with beta-blockers or digoxin
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs, e.g., Losartan)
- Primary action is to prevent angiotensin II from binding to receptors, causing vasodilation
Hydrochlorothiazide Monitoring
- Monitor potassium levels, blood glucose, signs of dehydration, and serum calcium
- Thiazide diuretics can cause hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, dehydration, and increased calcium
Enalapril Considerations for Asthmatic Patients
- Worsening bronchospasm is a primary concern because ACE inhibitors can cause cough or bronchospasm due to increased kinins
Calcium Channel Blockers (e.g., Diltiazem) Side Effects
- Side effects include constipation, heart block, and reflex tachycardia
Terazosin Mechanism of Action
- Promotes vasodilation by reducing vasomotor tone
Furosemide (Loop Diuretic) Patient Education
- Report muscle weakness or cramping as it indicates hypokalemia, a known risk
ACE Inhibitors and ARBs Shared Action
- Both drug classes decrease the effects of angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased vasoconstriction
Beta-Blocker Benefits for Hypertension
- Most beneficial for patients with a history of myocardial infarction because they reduce cardiac workload and are cardioprotective
Contraindication for Calcium Channel Blockers
- Contraindicated in patients with second-degree AV block as they can worsen heart blocks due to effects on conduction
ARB Monitoring (e.g., Valsartan)
- Monitor for hypotension, dizziness, hyperkalemia, and angioedema
Terazosin Side Effects
- Can lead to reflex tachycardia and palpitations
Potassium Supplementation with Loop Diuretics
- Needed to avoid muscle cramps and arrhythmias, which can result from hypokalemia
Amlodipine Patient Teaching
- Reflex tachycardia is not a permanent effect
ACE Inhibitors Mechanism
- Prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Lightheadedness with ARBs
- Likely orthostatic hypotension because ARBs can lower blood pressure
Diltiazem Contraindications
- Should not be prescribed to patients with AV block because it can worsen AV conduction issues
Beta-Blocker Effects
- Slow heart rate, reduce sympathetic activity, and help in heart failure by lowering workload
Terazosin Patient Education
- Rise slowly to prevent dizziness, as alpha-blockers can cause orthostatic hypotension
Lisinopril Caution in Renal Impairment
- Exercise caution using lisinopril with renal impairment as ACE inhibitors can worsen renal function, especially in those with bilateral renal artery stenosis
Amlodipine Mechanism
- Inhibits calcium influx into smooth muscle, causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure
Hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects
- Leg cramps and weakness indicate hypokalemia, a common side effect, so check potassium levels
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