Commerce Overview and Types

Retail Commerce
- Direct sale of goods to consumers.
- Involves physical stores and online platforms.
Wholesale Commerce
- Sale of goods in large quantities to retailers or businesses.
- Usually at discounted prices.
E-commerce
- Buying and selling of goods/services over the internet.
- Includes online retail, marketplaces, and auctions.
B2B (Business-to-Business)
- Transactions between businesses.
- Often involves wholesale trade.
B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
- Transactions between businesses and consumers.
- Common in retail settings.
C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)
- Transactions between consumers, often facilitated by third-party platforms.
- Examples include eBay and Craigslist.

Goods and Services: Tangible products and intangible services sold.
Market: Place where buyers and sellers meet to conduct transactions.
Transaction: The actual exchange of value, usually involving money.
Supply Chain: Network between a company and its suppliers to produce and distribute products.

Commerce encompasses the exchange of goods and services, crucial for economic interactions.
Involves essential activities such as buying, selling, and trade.

Retail Commerce: Engages in direct sales to consumers, utilizing both physical stores and online platforms for transactions.
Wholesale Commerce: Distributes goods in bulk to retailers or businesses, typically at reduced prices.
E-commerce: Facilitates buying and selling goods/services over the internet, including online retail, marketplaces, and auctions.
B2B (Business-to-Business): Characterizes transactions conducted between businesses, often revolving around wholesale trade.
B2C (Business-to-Consumer): Involves transactions where businesses sell directly to consumers, prevalent in retail contexts.
C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer): Features consumer transactions, often managed through third-party platforms like eBay and Craigslist.

Goods and Services: Represents both tangible products and intangible services involved in transactions.
Market: The venue where buyers and sellers interact to conduct exchanges.
Transaction: Refers to the actual moment of value exchange, predominantly involving monetary payment.
Supply Chain: Describes the interconnected network between companies and their suppliers for product production and distribution.

Acts as a catalyst for economic growth and development, fostering financial prosperity.
Promotes job creation and stimulates innovation within various sectors.
Enhances competitive dynamics, leading to improved quality of products and services.
Encourages globalization, facilitating international trade across commerce landscapes.

Commerce is shaped by a framework of laws and regulations, crucial for maintaining order.
Encompasses elements such as trade agreements, tariffs, and consumer protection statutes.
Governmental regulation is essential for promoting fairness in trade practices and consumer safety.

Increasing adoption of digital payment systems and mobile commerce solutions.
Growing significance of sustainability and ethical practices in sourcing products.
Rise of direct-to-consumer (DTC) brands, allowing companies to connect directly with consumers.
Utilization of data analytics and artificial intelligence to enhance personalized marketing strategies.

Continually shifting consumer preferences and behaviors create adaptational hurdles.
Disruptions in supply chains can arise from unexpected global events, affecting product availability.
Cybersecurity threats pose risks to e-commerce operations, necessitating robust security measures.
Regulatory compliance can be complex, varying widely across different regions and jurisdictions.