Commensals vs Infections

<p>Adhesins, toxins, and capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quick clearance or clinical disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue damage and immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segmented neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in immature neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxic change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focal blue-grey cytoplasmic structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Healthy cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulation of prothrombotic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a subclinical infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both systemic and localized inflammatory responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pus formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both congested mucous membranes and toxic line in gums</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteraemia is the presence of bacteria in the blood, while septicaemia is the replication of bacteria in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3.0-11 x 103/ul</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marginalisation, adhesion, migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine, glucocorticoids, infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subclinical infection or latent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammatory response, systemic and local symptoms, pus formation, granulomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Congested mucous membranes, toxic line in gums, septicaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in neutrophil count, acute phase proteins, acid base and coagulation abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marginalisation, adhesion, migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid neuropoiesis, severe bacterial infection, injection of G-CSF</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Döhle bodies are focal blue-grey cytoplasmic structures (RER/RNA) that can be seen in some healthy cats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacterial infections (Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, anthrax), viral infections (canine distemper), protozoal infections (Toxoplasma, Hepatozoon), fungal infections (Histoplasma), and hereditary/metabolic disorders (Chediak-Higashi, Birman cat anomaly, mucopolysaccharidosis).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation, which is a procoagulant state that can lead to microthrombi formation, lower platelet counts, and consumption of coagulation factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degenerate neutrophils have finely granular nuclear chromatin but are in 'segments,' while non-degenerate neutrophils have dispersed organelles, persistent cytoplasmic RNA, and diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Commensal organisms are microorganisms that colonize the human body without causing harm. They form stable communities known as normal microflora, which are present on the skin and in various body cavities. These organisms play a beneficial role in maintaining health by competing with potential pathogens and contributing to immune system development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For a microbe to act as a pathogen, it must find an appropriate niche within a host, compete with the normal microflora, evade or overcome host defenses, and express genes that encode factors causing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogenicity refers to the ability of a microbe to cause damage to a host. Virulence, on the other hand, refers to the relative capacity of a pathogen to cause damage. Virulence factors, such as adhesins, toxins, and capsules, are bacterial traits that confer pathogenicity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria can invade the human body through different mechanisms. They can enter between cells of the epithelium (paracellular), crack open cells to gain entry, or take advantage of widened gaps during an inflammatory response. Some bacteria can also enter cells in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When bacteria enter areas where they shouldn't, they can be quickly cleared by the immune system. However, if they are not cleared, clinical disease can occur, which may manifest as acute, subacute, or chronic infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers